Question:

The hormone which regulates sleep-wake cycle in man is

Updated On: Jun 6, 2022
  • Oxytocin
  • Melatonin
  • Thyroxine
  • Thyrocalcitonin
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland in darkness but not in bright light. Melatonin receptors in the brain, in a nucleus immediately above the optic chiasmata, react to this hormone and synchronize the nucleus to the 24-hour day/night rhythm, thus informing the brain when it is day and when it is night. Melatonin is a derivative of serotonin, with which it works to regulate the sleep cycle, and is being used experimentally to treat jet lag, SAD, and insomnia in shift workers and the elderly.
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Concepts Used:

Chemical Coordination and Integration

The chemical coordination and integration of all physiological functions in the animal body are jointly synchronized by the neural and endocrine systems. The control and coordination of body functions are executed by the endocrine glands. They are ductless glands that secrete severel hormones to control and coordinate body functions.

Human Endocrine System:

The human body has several endocrine glands located in different parts. They cover the pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, pineal gland, parathyroid, pancreas (dual gland), adrenal gland, and gonads (testes and ovaries). The liver, kidney, heart, and gastrointestinal tract also produce hormones in small traces to harmonize the functioning of these organs.

The Hypothalamus comprises groups of secretory cells called nuclei which secrets various hormones. These hormones released by the hypothalamus are important in regulating the synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones.

Functions of Endocrine Glands:

  • Pituitary Gland
  • Pineal Gland
  • Thyroid Gland
  • Parathyroid Gland
  • Thymus
  • Adrenal Gland
  • Pancreas
  • Testes
  • Ovary
  • Hormones of Kidney, Heart, and Gastrointestinal Tract