Question

The historic Convention on Biological Diversity, ‘The Earth Summit’ was held in Rio de Janeiro in the year

• A. 1992
• B. 1986
• C. 2002
• D. 1985

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Correct Answer: Option 1 – 1992

The historic Convention on Biological Diversity, famously known as 'The Earth Summit', was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the year 1992. This landmark global event was officially titled the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) and remains one of the most significant international efforts to address environmental issues at a planetary scale.

The Earth Summit of 1992 brought together representatives from over 170 countries and resulted in the formulation of crucial documents and agreements aimed at sustainable development and environmental protection. Key outcomes of the summit include:

• The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
• Agenda 21 – a comprehensive action plan for global sustainable development
• The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) – focusing on the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity
• The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) – laying the foundation for climate change mitigation

The summit emphasized the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”, encouraging all nations to collaborate while recognizing their varied capacities and historical roles in environmental degradation.

Conclusion: The Earth Summit of 1992 in Rio de Janeiro marked a pivotal moment in the global movement toward sustainable development and biodiversity conservation. For students preparing for competitive exams like NEET, UPSC, or environmental science Olympiads, remembering this date is crucial for scoring in environmental and ecology-based questions.