Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is a model used to determine the optimal order quantity that minimizes the total cost of inventory, including ordering and holding costs.
The EOQ is derived from the trade-off between ordering costs and holding costs, and it is the point at which these two costs are minimized.
The formula for EOQ is:
\[ EOQ = \sqrt{\frac{2DS}{H}} \] where:
\( D \) = Annual demand,
\( S \) = Ordering cost per order,
\( H \) = Holding cost per unit per year.
The optimal lot size is maintained to ensure the balance between the two costs.