The d-electron configurations of $Cr^{2+},Mn^{2+},Fe^{2+}$ and $Co^{2+}$ are $d^4, d^5, d^6$ and $d^7$ respectively. Which one of the following will exhibit the lowest paramagnetic behaviour? (Atomic no. $Cr=24, Mn=25, Fe=26, Co=27$ ).

$\therefore$ Since $Co^{2+}$ has lowest no. of unpaired electrons hence lowest paramagnetic behaviour is shown by $[Co(H_2O)_6]^{2+}$

The d-electron configurations of $Cr^{2+},Mn^{2+},

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Multiple oxidation states- The oxidation states of d block elements show very few energy gaps; therefore, they exhibit many oxidation states. Also, the energy difference between s and d orbital is very less. Therefore both the electrons are involved in ionic and covalent bond formation, which ultimately leads to multiple oxidation states.
Formation of complex compounds- Ligands show a binding behavior and can form so many stable complexes with the help of transition metals. This property is mainly due to:
- Availability of vacant d orbitals.
- Comparatively small sizes of metals.
Hardness- Transition elements are tough and have high densities because of the presence of unpaired electrons.
Melting and boiling points- Melting and boiling points of transition are very high because of the presence of unpaired electrons and partially filled d orbitals. They form strong bonds and have high melting and boiling points.
Atomic radii- The atomic and ionic radius of the transition elements decreases as we move from Group 3 to group 6. However, it remains the same between group 7 and group 10, and from group 11 to group 12 increases.
Ionization enthalpy- The ionization enthalpies of the transition elements are generally on the greater side as compared to the S block elements