Question

The concept of "Separation of Powers" was propounded by:

• A. Montesquieu
• B. John Locke
• C. Rousseau
• D. Jeremy Bentham

Hint:

"Separation of Powers" into three branches (Legislative, Executive, Judiciary) is the great political idea of Montesquieu.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Define the "Separation of Powers". This is a model of governance where the state is divided into three distinct branches: (A) The Legislature (makes laws) (B) The Executive (implements and enforces laws) (C) The Judiciary (interprets laws) Each branch has separate powers and is able to check the other branches to prevent the abuse of power.

Step 2: Identify the key philosopher associated with this doctrine. While earlier thinkers like Aristotle and John Locke had discussed similar ideas, the French philosopher Baron de Montesquieu is credited with the systematic and influential formulation of this doctrine.

Step 3: Know his famous work. Montesquieu articulated his theory in his 1748 book, \textit{De l'esprit des lois} (The Spirit of the Laws). His work heavily influenced the framers of the United States Constitution and became a cornerstone of modern democratic theory.