Question

The concept of dry garden is associated with

• A. Japanese garden
• B. Mughal garden
• C. Italian garden
• D. French garden

Hint:

\textbf{Dry Garden (Karesansui / Zen Garden):} A style of Japanese garden using rocks, sand/gravel, moss, and minimal planting to create a stylized landscape, often for meditation. Water is represented symbolically by raked sand/gravel.
\textbf{Mughal Gardens:} Formal, water features (channels, fountains), charbagh layout.
\textbf{Italian Renaissance Gardens:} Formal, terraced, water features, symmetry.
\textbf{French Formal Gardens:} Grand scale, symmetry, axial vistas, elaborate water features.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

A "dry garden," also known as a Zen garden or \textit{karesansui} (枯山水) in Japanese, is a distinctive style of garden that uses rocks, sand, gravel, moss, and pruned trees and bushes, with minimal or no water features. The sand or gravel is often raked to represent ripples in water. These gardens are designed to be meditative spaces and often have symbolic meanings. Let's consider the garden styles in the options:
(a) Japanese garden: Japanese garden design encompasses various styles. One of the most famous and unique is the \textit{karesansui} or dry rock garden, which is the epitome of a "dry garden." Examples include Ryōan-ji in Kyoto. So, the concept of a dry garden is strongly associated with Japanese gardens.
(b) Mughal garden: Mughal gardens (e.g., in India and Pakistan) are characterized by formal, rectilinear layouts, often based on the \textit{charbagh} (four-part garden) concept, with water channels, fountains, pools, pavilions, and a rich variety of flowering plants and fruit trees. Water is a very prominent feature, not dryness.
(c) Italian garden (Italian Renaissance garden): These gardens are also formal, often terraced, and feature geometric layouts, fountains, sculptures, grottoes, and clipped hedges. Water features are central to Italian Renaissance garden design.
(d) French garden (French Formal Garden / Jardin à la française): This style, exemplified by the Gardens of Versailles, is characterized by extreme formality, symmetry, axial Vistas, parterres (ornamental flower beds), clipped topiary, and extensive use of water features (pools, canals, fountains). The concept of a "dry garden" as a major, distinct style is most strongly and characteristically associated with Japanese gardens, specifically the Zen rock gardens (\textit{karesansui}). \[ \boxed{\text{Japanese garden}} \]