| Group I | Group II |
| (P) Edge City | (1) Rapid expansion of geographical areas of towns or cities |
| (Q) Synekism | (2) Violence against the city |
| (R) Urbicide | (3) A secondary CBD on the edge of the city |
| (S) Urban Sprawl | (4) Rebuilding core city area |
| (5) Union of several small urban settlements under one rule |