The family area in landscape and garden design is a designated space meant to serve the daily needs of family members. Its functions include:
| Group I | Group II |
| (P) Edge City | (1) Rapid expansion of geographical areas of towns or cities |
| (Q) Synekism | (2) Violence against the city |
| (R) Urbicide | (3) A secondary CBD on the edge of the city |
| (S) Urban Sprawl | (4) Rebuilding core city area |
| (5) Union of several small urban settlements under one rule |
| Group I | Group II |
| (P) Gulf of Mannar | (1) Ridge, Glacier |
| (Q) Sunderbans | (2) Sub-tropical/Tropical Forest, Stepped Hill |
| (R) Nanda Devi | (3) Swamp forest, Mangrove |
| (S) Nilgiri | (4) Coral Reefs, Seagrass bed |
| (5) Salt Marsh, Flat Terrain |