Gray code, also known as reflected binary code, is a binary numeral system where consecutive values differ by only one bit
For example, the 2-bit Gray code sequence is 00, 01, 11, 10
Compare this to standard binary 00, 01, 10, 11; the transition from 01 to 10 changes two bits
The single-bit change property of Gray code is useful for preventing errors in systems where values change sequentially, such as in position encoders or state machines
BCD and Excess-3 are codes for representing decimal digits
Alphanumeric codes represent characters