Question:

The citric acid is produced by

Updated On: May 19, 2024
  • Candida utilis
  • Azotobacter suboxydans
  • Aspergillus niger
  • Streptococcus lactis.
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

Citric acid is produced by aerobic fermentation of sucrose in beet molasses by Aspergillus niger. The fermentation process is completed in about 5-14 days at 27 - 33?C. Citric acid is made available in the market in the form of anhydrous crystalline chemical as powder. Citric acid is used in food industry (e.g. fruit drinks, confectionery, jams, jellies, preserved fruits), pharmacy (e.g. blood transfusion), consmetics (e.g. astringent lotions, shampoos and hair setting fluids), and industries (e.g. electroplating leather tanning).
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Questions Asked in NEET exam

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Concepts Used:

Microbes in Human Welfare

There are several valuable microorganisms that are beneficial to humans in various manners such as:

In Household Products

  1. Fermentation of milk to produce yogurt.
  2. Milk cuddling to compose curd, cheese, and paneer.

In Industrial Products

  1. Production of beverages such as wine, beer, whiskey, brandy, or rum.
  2. Production of antibiotics such as Penicillin and other chemical substances to kill or retard the expansion of disease-causing microbes.

Fermented Beverages

  1. A fermentor is used to produce microbes on a large scale for industrial purposes.
  2. The brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is used to make ethanol. At this time, the yeast ferments malted cereals and fruit juices.

Antibiotics

  1. The term antibiotic means “against life”. These materials can kill or destroy the growth of other microbes.