Question

The book "Spirit of Laws" written by

• A. Montesquieu
• B. Plato
• C. Voltaire
• D. Rousseau

Hint:

Key Enlightenment Philosophers and their Works: - Montesquieu: "The Spirit of Laws" (advocated separation of powers). - John Locke: "Two Treatises of Government" (natural rights, social contract). - Jean-Jacques Rousseau: "The Social Contract," "Emile" (general will, popular sovereignty). - Voltaire: "Candide," advocated for civil liberties. - Plato (Ancient Greek, not Enlightenment): "The Republic," "Laws."

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Recall famous political philosophy works and their authors.
"The Spirit of Laws" (original French: "De l'esprit des lois") is a highly influential treatise on political theory.

Step 2: Identify the author.
The book "The Spirit of Laws" was written by Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, usually referred to simply as Montesquieu.
It was published anonymously in 1748.
In this work, Montesquieu advocated for the separation of powers in government (legislative, executive, and judicial branches), which significantly influenced the framers of the United States Constitution.

Step 3: Consider other philosophers.
- (2) Plato: Ancient Greek philosopher, author of "The Republic" and "Laws," known for his theory of Forms and ideas on justice and the ideal state.
- (3) Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet): French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher known for his advocacy of freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and separation of church and state.
Works include "Candide.
" - (4) Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer.
His works include "The Social Contract" and "Emile, or On Education.
" He influenced the Enlightenment and the French Revolution.

Step 4: Confirm the author of "Spirit of Laws".
"The Spirit of Laws" was written by Montesquieu.
This matches option (1).