Question

'Policy of Blood and Iron' belongs to

• A. Mazzini
• B. Garibaldi
• C. Napoleon III
• D. Bismarck

Hint:

- Otto von Bismarck: Chancellor of Germany, architect of German unification in the 19th century. - "Blood and Iron" Speech (1862): Emphasized the use of military power and war to achieve political objectives, rather than liberal methods like debate and parliamentary decisions. - Realpolitik: A system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations. Bismarck was a master of Realpolitik.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understand the "Blood and Iron" policy.
The phrase "Blood and Iron" (German: "Blut und Eisen") refers to a political policy that relies on military strength and warfare rather than diplomacy and negotiations to achieve national goals.

Step 2: Identify the historical figure associated with this policy.
Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898), the Minister President of Prussia and later the first Chancellor of Germany, is famously associated with the "Blood and Iron" policy.
He delivered a speech in 1862 to the Prussian Diet (parliament) where he stated, "Not by speeches and majority resolutions are the great questions of the time decided.
.
.
but by iron and blood.
" He used this approach of military force and pragmatic politics (Realpolitik) to achieve the unification of Germany under Prussian leadership through a series of wars (e.
g.
, against Denmark, Austria, and France).

Step 3: Consider other figures.
- (1) Giuseppe Mazzini: An Italian politician, journalist, and activist for the unification of Italy (Risorgimento).
He was an idealist and republican, founding "Young Italy.
" - (2) Giuseppe Garibaldi: An Italian general, patriot, and republican.
He played a crucial role in the unification of Italy through his military campaigns (e.
g.
, Expedition of the Thousand).
- (3) Napoleon III (Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte): The Emperor of the Second French Empire (1852-1870).
He was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War, which was orchestrated by Bismarck.

Step 4: Confirm the proponent of "Blood and Iron".
Otto von Bismarck is the historical figure primarily associated with the "Policy of Blood and Iron.
" This matches option (4).