Fertilizers are substances that are used to enhance the fertility of cultivated land, which leads to better growth and yield of crops. Generally, chemical fertilizers are used by farmers to reduce and affect soil fertility over time and also pose harm to consumers. To solve this problem, biofertilizers are used as natural fertilizers without any chemical composition. They are made of bacteria, fungal, or algal cultures that are connected with symbiotic relations to leguminous plants. These microbes are advantageous in fixing atmospheric nitrogen for plants. Also, they stop the pathogenesis of plants.
Some microbes live in symbiotic relations while others have free living. Both are important to improve soil quality, plant health, and nutrition.
To know which of the species is/are used as biofertilizers, let us understand each species one by one.
-Funaria is a moss species. They form mat-like structures as they grow in abundant clusters. These are autotrophic plant-like organisms that naturally grow in moist shady locations. These are not used as biofertilizers because their growth can lead to stagnant water conditions which can harm crops due to nutrient exhaustion.
-A Fern is a vascular plant that is reproduced by spores. Not being a microbe, It's not used as a biofertilizer. Also, it has no significance in fertility enhancement, nitrogen fixation, etc.
-Anabaena is a Cyanobacteria species. It has nitrogen-fixing properties. It lives with other plants like mosquito ferns. It also releases some neurotoxins that help to protect the crops from grazing pressure by animals.
-The fungus is a spore-producing organism that usually grows over dead and decaying matter. Many fungal species are used as biofertilizers but not all fungus is biofertilizers.
Therefore, the right answer is option A( Anabaena and Azolla).
Answer the following questions:
1. State what do you understand by “MALT”? Where is it located inside our body?
2. Explain cytokine barriers.
3. Name the diagnostic test for AIDS. On what principle does it work?
4. Bone marrow and thymus play an important role in human immune system. Explain how are they able to achieve this.
Name an alcoholic drink which is produced with the help of microbes:
(1) With distillation
(2) Without distillation
A sphere of radius R is cut from a larger solid sphere of radius 2R as shown in the figure. The ratio of the moment of inertia of the smaller sphere to that of the rest part of the sphere about the Y-axis is :
The current passing through the battery in the given circuit, is:
A bob of heavy mass \(m\) is suspended by a light string of length \(l\). The bob is given a horizontal velocity \(v_0\) as shown in figure. If the string gets slack at some point P making an angle \( \theta \) from the horizontal, the ratio of the speed \(v\) of the bob at point P to its initial speed \(v_0\) is :
There are several valuable microorganisms that are beneficial to humans in various manners such as: