Question

Statement--1: Liquid pressure is only exerted on solid surfaces in contact and is exerted in between the layers of liquid. Statement--2: Surface tension arises due to difference in potential energy of molecules in the bulk of liquid and at the surface.

• A. Both Statement--1 and Statement--2 are incorrect.
• B. Statement--1 is correct but Statement--2 is incorrect.
• C. Statement--1 is incorrect but Statement--2 is correct.
• D. Both Statement--1 and Statement--2 are correct.

Hint:

Key ideas to remember:
Liquid pressure exists both at boundaries and within the liquid
Surface tension is an energy phenomenon related to molecular arrangement

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Concept:
Liquids exhibit pressure and surface tension due to intermolecular forces. Understanding their microscopic origin helps in correctly interpreting both statements.
Step 1: Analyze Statement--1. Liquid pressure arises due to the weight of the liquid and intermolecular forces. It:
Acts on any solid surface in contact with the liquid
Also exists within the liquid itself, acting between different layers This is why pressure varies with depth even inside the liquid and can be transmitted in all directions (Pascal’s law). \[ \Rightarrow \text{Statement--1 is correct.} \]
Step 2: Analyze Statement--2. In a liquid:
Molecules in the bulk are surrounded by other molecules on all sides
Molecules at the surface experience fewer intermolecular attractions As a result:
Surface molecules have higher potential energy than bulk molecules
The system tends to minimize surface area to reduce energy This energetic imbalance gives rise to surface tension. \[ \Rightarrow \text{Statement--2 is correct.} \]
Step 3: Final conclusion. Since both statements are individually true: \[ \boxed{\text{Both Statement--1 and Statement--2 are correct}} \]