Question

State the main features of human genome.

Hint:

The human genome contains both coding and non-coding regions, with about 3 billion base pairs in total.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding the Human Genome.
The human genome is the complete set of genetic information for humans. It consists of approximately 3 billion base pairs of DNA, organized into 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Step 2: Key Features.
1. Chromosomal Structure: Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, 22 autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes (XX for females, XY for males). 2. Genes and Non-Coding DNA: The human genome contains about 20,000–25,000 genes, but a significant portion of the genome does not code for proteins (non-coding DNA). 3. Genetic Variation: There is significant genetic variation between individuals, contributing to diversity in traits.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The human genome contains all the instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of humans, and it plays a key role in inheritance.
Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{23 pairs of chromosomes, 20,000–25,000 genes, and significant non-coding DNA.}} \]