Question

Starting marks can be prevented by using

• A. Indirect cloth winding
• B. Thin place preventers
• C. 20 / 22 S.S Emery
• D. 10" Emery roller

Hint:

• Starting Marks (Set Marks) Fabric defects at loom stop/restart locations due to pick density variations.
• Prevented by mechanisms that ensure correct pick spacing and tension at restart.
• Thin/Thick Place Preventers} or anti-starting mark devices are specialized loom mechanisms for this.
• Consistent operation of let-off and take-up motions is also crucial.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Starting marks (also called set marks or stop marks) are visible defects in woven fabrics that appear as a transverse line or band where the loom was stopped and restarted. They are typically caused by a variation in pick density (picks per inch/cm) or warp tension at the point of restart. Methods to prevent starting marks include:

• Anti-starting mark devices / Thin/Thick place preventers: Modern looms are equipped with mechanisms specifically designed to minimize these marks. These devices might adjust the let-off (warp feed) or take-up (cloth wind) speed for the first few picks after restart, control the beat-up force, or use special pick finding cycles to ensure the fell of the cloth is correctly positioned. Since starting marks often appear as a locally thin or thick place, devices that prevent these are relevant.
• Precise control of warp tension and pick spacing via electronic let-off and take-up systems.
• Proper loom settings and maintenance.

Evaluating the options:

• (a) Indirect cloth winding: This relates to the mechanism of winding the woven fabric onto the cloth roll. It doesn't directly prevent starting marks formed at the fell of the cloth during weaving.
• (b) Thin place preventers: Starting marks are often a localized region of incorrect pick density (either too high, a thick place, or too low, a thin place). Devices aimed at preventing thin/thick places during loom operation, especially at start-up, are therefore effective against starting marks.
• (c) 20 / 22 S.S Emery & (d) 10" Emery roller: An emery roller is a component of the cloth take-up system, providing grip to pull the fabric. Its proper functioning is essential for consistent pick density overall, but it's not a specific device *to prevent* starting marks; rather, its malfunction could contribute to issues. The numbers refer to grit or size.

"Thin place preventers" (which also function as thick place or general starting mark preventers) are the most direct answer related to specialized devices for this purpose. \[ \boxed{\text{Thin place preventers}} \]