Question

Which of the following is not included in in-situ conservation?

• A. Zoological park
• B. National park
• C. Wild life sanctuary
• D. Biosphere reserves
• A. Construction materials
• B. Pollination
• C. Industrial products
• D. Medicines
• A. Frequent glaciations in the past
• B. More solar energy available
• C. Less seasonal and more constant and predictable
• D. Undisturbed for million of years
• A. Two
• B. Three
• C. Five
• D. Seven
• A. Western Ghats-Sri Lanka
• B. Amazon forests
• C. Indo-Burma
• D. Himalaya

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

In-situ conservation refers to the conservation of species in their natural habitats. It is a strategy for preserving biodiversity in the wild.
Step 1: Analyzing the options.
- Zoological park (Option 1): A zoological park, also known as a zoo, is an example of ex-situ conservation, where species are conserved outside their natural habitats in controlled environments.
- National park (Option 2): A national park is a protected area for the conservation of wildlife and natural habitats in the wild, making it an example of in-situ conservation. - Wildlife sanctuary (Option 3): A wildlife sanctuary is another example of in-situ conservation, where species are protected in their natural environments.
- Biosphere reserves (Option 4): Biosphere reserves are designated areas that conserve biodiversity in natural ecosystems and are also examples of in-situ conservation.
Step 2: Conclusion.
The zoological park is not part of in-situ conservation, as it involves the conservation of species outside their natural habitats.
Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{The correct answer is (1) Zoological park.}} \]

Answer 2

Narrowly utilitarian arguments for conserving biodiversity focus on the direct benefits humans derive from biodiversity, such as resources for construction, industrial use, pollination, and medicines.
Step 1: Analyzing the options.
- Construction materials (Option 1): While construction materials are important resources, they do not fall under the narrowly utilitarian argument for biodiversity, as they don't necessarily relate to the biological processes like pollination or the medicinal use of plants.
- Pollination (Option 2): Pollination is a classic example of a narrowly utilitarian argument, as it is essential for the production of many crops, providing direct benefits to humans.
- Industrial products (Option 3): Industrial products derived from biodiversity, such as chemicals, fibers, and raw materials, are directly linked to human welfare, representing a utilitarian argument.
- Medicines (Option 4): Medicines derived from biodiversity, including plants, fungi, and animals, are a significant example of utilitarian benefits.
Step 2: Conclusion.
Construction materials are not typically included in the narrowly utilitarian argument for conserving biodiversity, as they do not have the same direct biological and ecological functions as the other options.
Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{The correct answer is (1) Construction materials.}} \]

Answer 3

Tropical regions are known for their high levels of biodiversity, which can be attributed to various factors like temperature, solar energy, stability of climate, and ecological conditions over millions of years.
Step 1: Analyzing the options.
- Frequent glaciations in the past (Option 1): Glaciations typically reduce biodiversity by destroying habitats and restricting species' distributions. Therefore, frequent glaciations in the past would have reduced, not increased, biological diversity in tropical regions.
- More solar energy available (Option 2): This is true. Tropical regions receive more solar energy, which supports a diverse range of life forms by providing more energy for photosynthesis and supporting more food chains.
- Less seasonal and more constant and predictable (Option 3): This is true. The more stable climate and predictable conditions in the tropics support biodiversity by reducing environmental stresses and allowing for long-term stability of ecosystems.
- Undisturbed for millions of years (Option 4): This is also true. Tropical regions have remained relatively undisturbed by climatic changes over millions of years, which has allowed species to evolve and diversify.
Step 2: Conclusion.
Frequent glaciations in the past would not contribute to greater biological diversity in the tropics, as glaciations generally reduce the number of species and disrupt ecosystems.
Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{The correct answer is (1) Frequent glaciations in the past.}} \]

Answer 4

Mass extinctions are episodes in which a significant portion of Earth's species go extinct in a short period of time. There have been five major episodes of mass extinction in Earth's history.
Step 1: Analyzing the options.
- Two (Option 1): This is incorrect, as there have been five major extinctions in the history of life on Earth.
- Three (Option 2): This is incorrect, as there have been five episodes.
- Five (Option 3): This is correct. The five mass extinctions are:
(1) Ordovician-Silurian Extinction
(2) Late Devonian Extinction
(3) Permian-Triassic Extinction
(4) Triassic-Jurassic Extinction
5. Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction
- Seven (Option 4): This is incorrect, as there have only been five major mass extinctions.
Step 2: Conclusion.
There have been five major episodes of mass extinction in Earth's history.
Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{The correct answer is (3) Five.}} \]

Answer 5

Biodiversity hotspots are regions that are rich in biodiversity but are also under threat from human activities. India is home to several biodiversity hotspots, including the Western Ghats, Indo-Burma, and the Himalayas.
Step 1: Analyzing the options.
- Western Ghats-Sri Lanka (Option 1): This is a biodiversity hotspot that includes India’s Western Ghats and the forests of Sri Lanka.
- Amazon forests (Option 2): The Amazon forest is not located in India; it is in South America, primarily covering countries like Brazil, Colombia, and Peru. Hence, it is not part of India's biodiversity hotspots.
- Indo-Burma (Option 3): This hotspot includes parts of India, particularly northeastern regions, and is recognized for its rich biodiversity.
- Himalaya (Option 4): The Himalayas are a biodiversity hotspot that extends across India and other countries like Nepal, Bhutan, and China.
Step 2: Conclusion.
The Amazon forests are located in South America and do not cover India's biodiversity regions.
Final Answer: \[ \boxed{\text{The correct answer is (2) Amazon forests.}} \]