Question

Some of the states in India, like Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, continue to face the problem of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) due to inadequate dietary intake of iodine by the people. (i) Recognise the hormone whose secretion decreases due to iodine deficiency.
(ii) Mention any three symptoms seen in individuals suffering from IDD.

Hint:

Using iodised salt in daily meals is one of the most effective ways to prevent Iodine Deficiency Disorders.

Answer 1

Step 1: Hormone affected by iodine deficiency.
Iodine is an essential mineral required for the production of the thyroxine hormone by the thyroid gland. When iodine intake is inadequate, the secretion of the hormone thyroxine decreases. This hormone regulates metabolism, growth, and development in the human body.
Step 2: Understanding Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD).
Iodine Deficiency Disorders occur when the body does not receive sufficient iodine from the diet. Since iodine is necessary for proper thyroid functioning, its deficiency affects physical and mental development, especially in children.
Step 3: Symptoms of IDD.
Any three common symptoms seen in individuals suffering from iodine deficiency disorders are:
1. Goitre – swelling of the thyroid gland in the neck.
2. Mental retardation or impaired brain development, especially in children.
3. Poor growth and development or fatigue and weakness.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Thus, iodine deficiency reduces the secretion of the hormone thyroxine and may lead to disorders such as goitre, poor growth, and mental impairment.