Question

Sacubitril/Valsartan.

Hint:

Sacubitril/valsartan should not be used in combination with ACE inhibitors due to the risk of angioedema.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding Sacubitril/Valsartan.
Sacubitril/valsartan is a combination drug used primarily in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Sacubitril is a neprilysin inhibitor, while valsartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). This combination works by inhibiting neprilysin (which breaks down natriuretic peptides) and blocking the effects of angiotensin II, resulting in reduced blood pressure and improved heart function.

Step 2: Mechanism of Action.
The combination of sacubitril and valsartan enhances natriuretic peptide levels, leading to vasodilation, diuresis, and reduced aldosterone secretion. This helps to alleviate the symptoms of heart failure and reduces the risk of hospitalization or death due to heart failure.

Step 3: Indications.
Sacubitril/valsartan is indicated for:

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF): To reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization.
Chronic heart failure management: It is used as part of a comprehensive heart failure treatment plan.

Step 4: Conclusion.
Sacubitril/valsartan is a highly effective medication in managing heart failure, improving quality of life and survival rates in patients with HFrEF.