Question

RET proto-oncogene is associated with the development of

• A. Medullary carcinoma thyroid
• B. Astrocytoma
• C. Paraganglioma
• D. Hurthle cell tumor thyroid

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

The RET proto-oncogene is a critical gene known for encoding a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in cell signaling pathways pivotal for growth and differentiation. Mutations in the RET proto-oncogene can lead to uncontrolled cellular proliferation, contributing to various types of cancer. In particular, RET mutations are strongly associated with the development of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, a type of thyroid cancer originating from parafollicular C cells that produce calcitonin.

To understand the link, consider the following:

• The RET gene plays a role in the cell signaling pathways that regulate cellular growth. Mutations in RET often result in constitutive activation of these pathways, bypassing normal growth regulation.
• Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) represents about 3-4% of all thyroid cancers and is characterized by genetic alterations in RET. Germline mutations can lead to hereditary syndromes like Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN2).
• Diagnosis and management of MTC often involve genetic testing for RET mutations, which guides treatment strategies and familial screening.

Conversely, the other options listed such as Astrocytoma, Paraganglioma, and Hurthle cell tumor are typically not associated with RET mutations:

• Astrocytoma: A type of brain tumor not typically linked to RET mutations.
• Paraganglioma: Usually associated with other genetic mutations like SDH (succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit) mutations.
• Hurthle cell tumor thyroid: A subtype of follicular thyroid cancer, not primarily associated with RET mutations.

Thus, the correct association of RET proto-oncogene is with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.