Question

What kind of work does the passage exemplify?

• A. Government work
• B. Home-based work
• C. Factory work
• D. Minor forest produce
• A. Government
• B. Contractor
• C. Manufacturer
• D. Distributor
• A. Monthly
• B. Daily
• C. Piece Rate
• D. Annually
• A. Government
• B. Workers
• C. Manufacturers
• D. Contractors
• A. Skin infection
• B. Lung infection
• C. Backache
• D. Conjunctivitis

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

The passage illustrates the home-based work involved in the bidi-making process, particularly by women who roll the bidis.

Answer 2

The passage describes the process of making Bidis, which involves home-based workers, mostly women, rolling the bidis in their homes. These workers are supplied with tobacco and Tendu leaves by contractors, and the work is done in a home setting, not in a factory. Therefore, the passage exemplifies home-based work, where individuals work from home rather than a centralized workplace.

(A) Government work: The passage mentions government involvement in the auctioning of leaves, but the work described is not primarily government work.

(B) Factory work: The work done by home-based workers is distinct from factory work.

(D) Minor forest produce: The passage mentions Tendu leaves being collected from forests, but the main focus is on the work involved in making Bidis, not on the forest produce itself.

Thus, the correct answer is (B) Home-based work.

Answer 3

The contractor is responsible for supplying the raw materials, such as tobacco and leaves, to the home-based workers.

Answer 4

In the process of making Bidis, the contractor is the one who provides the raw material (such as tobacco and Tendu leaves) to the home-based workers. The contractor acts as the intermediary between the Bidi factory owners and the workers, supplying them with the necessary materials for making the Bidis.

• Government (A): The government auctions Tendu leaves but does not provide the raw material directly to the home-based workers.
• Manufacturer (C): The manufacturer roasts and labels the Bidis but does not supply the raw material to the home-based workers.
• Distributor (D): The distributor handles the distribution of the final product (packed Bidis) to wholesalers and shops but does not provide raw materials to the workers.

Therefore, the contractor is responsible for supplying the raw materials to the home-based workers.

Answer 5

The workers typically receive payment based on the quantity of bidis they produce, which is indicative of a piece-rate payment system.

Answer 6

The passage describes how home-based workers roll Bidis. These workers, mostly women, roll the Bidis at home, and their compensation is likely based on the number of Bidis they produce, which is typical of piece rate work. Piece rate means workers are paid for each unit of work completed, in this case, for each Bidi rolled, rather than being paid on a daily, monthly, or annual basis.

• Monthly (A): The workers are not paid monthly; instead, they are paid according to the number of Bidis they roll.
• Daily (B): The workers are not explicitly mentioned as being paid daily.
• Annually (D): There is no indication that workers are paid annually.

Thus, the piece rate is the usual method of payment, as workers are paid based on the number of Bidis they produce.

Answer 7

Contractors typically earn the highest profit in the bidi industry due to their control over the supply chain and distribution networks.

Answer 8

In the Bidi industry, the contractors play a key role in the distribution of materials (such as tobacco and Tendu leaves) to the home-based workers who roll the Bidis. The contractors are also responsible for collecting the finished Bidis from the workers and selling them to the manufacturers. They act as intermediaries between the workers and the manufacturers and often take a significant portion of the profits due to their role in the supply chain.

Government (A): The government is involved in the auctioning of Tendu leaves and regulates the industry, but it does not receive the maximum profit.

Workers (B): Home-based workers are paid on a piece-rate basis and are among the lowest earners in the industry, so they do not receive the maximum profit.

Manufacturers (C): While manufacturers may make a profit from roasting and branding the Bidis, their profit is generally not as high as that of the contractors, who control the supply chain.

Therefore, contractors receive the maximum profit due to their control over the flow of raw materials and the final product in the Bidi industry.

Answer 9

Bidi rolling can lead to several health issues, including skin infections due to the constant handling of damp leaves and tobacco, as well as other potential ailments related to the occupational hazards faced by workers in the industry.

Answer 10

The process of Bidi rolling involves handling Tendu leaves, tobacco, and other materials that can lead to skin infections. The workers, often women, frequently come into contact with these materials, which can cause irritation, allergic reactions, and infections on the skin, especially due to the dampness of the leaves.

• Lung infection (B): Although rolling Bidis can lead to inhalation of tobacco smoke and dust, causing respiratory issues, it is not the most direct or primary consequence of the actual rolling process.
• Backache (C): While backache may occur due to prolonged sitting in one position while rolling Bidis, it is not as directly tied to the task as skin infection.
• Conjunctivitis (D): Conjunctivitis is not a typical or direct consequence of Bidi rolling. It is an eye infection, and while working in a dusty or unhealthy environment could lead to eye irritation, it is not a primary consequence of the task.

Thus, skin infection is the most common and direct negative consequence of Bidi rolling.