On September 30, 2001, I (Dr APJ Abdul Kalam) found myself on a journey from Ranchi to Bokaro in Jharkhand. The helicopter carrying me crashed just before landing, its engine failing with a thud upon impact. Miraculously, all on board escaped unharmed. Grateful to God, I proceeded with my scheduled programme in Bokaro, unfazed by the incident. That night, doctors suggested a tranquilliser to ease perceived shock, leading to an early and disturbed sleep, filled with contemplation.
Amidst this intense dream, I stood in a moonlit desert with five revered figures: Mahatma Gandhi, Albert Einstein, Emperor Asoka, Abraham Lincoln, and Caliph Omar. Asoka’s reflection on the Kalinga war symbolised a shift from conquest to compassion, inspiring a doctrine of non-violence, Ahimsa Dharma.
In this profound dream-conversation, these figures shared wisdom on humanity’s deep divisions caused by violence. They emphasised peace, equality, and the significance of ethical values in human consciousness. Asoka, having witnessed the consequences of his victories, highlighted the futility of causing suffering and the triumph of a peaceful kingdom.
Awakening from this vivid dream, I contemplated the contrasting forces of good and destruction in the world. The challenges faced by humanity, from conflicts to natural disasters and terrorism, prompted deep reflection. Yet, despite these challenges, I held a determined belief
in finding an everlasting solution.
Motivated by this dream and a desire to contribute to the greater good, I made a significant decision. Shifting focus from my scientific career, awards, and teams, I aimed to discover India’s true essence in its children. This marked a transcendence of personal achievements, emphasising the importance of nurturing enlightened individuals and fostering the inner, higher self in the youth. My commitment was to contribute to the enduring intelligence of India through meaningful interaction with joyous, young minds.
APJ Abdul Kalam ’Ignited Minds’
What event prompted the author’s contemplation in the passage?
- Meeting the revered figures
- The helicopter crash
- The scheduled programme in Bokaro
- Doctors’ suggestions for a tranquilliser
The Correct Option is B
Approach Solution - 1
Approach Solution -2
The helicopter crash prompted APJ Abdul Kalam's contemplation as mentioned in the passage, leading to reflection and a shift towards nurturing young minds.
Context: The tragic incident of the helicopter crash had a profound impact on APJ Abdul Kalam, which led to a moment of deep introspection. It was during this period of contemplation that he realized the importance of focusing on the future generation's growth and development.
Key Reflection: The realization that the country's future lies in the hands of the younger generation made Kalam redirect his focus from his scientific pursuits to more significant societal contributions. This shift encouraged him to dedicate himself to educating and inspiring young minds, shaping the leaders of tomorrow.
Change in Perspective: Before the crash, his efforts were primarily directed at advancing technology and working on defense projects. However, the reflection triggered by the crash became a turning point in his life. It led him to view his responsibilities through a broader lens, which included contributing to the personal and academic growth of future generations.
Final Thought: This moment of reflection and the subsequent change in priorities define a crucial turning point in APJ Abdul Kalam's life and his lasting legacy as a mentor, teacher, and visionary who believed in the power of young minds to transform the world. His shift towards nurturing young minds was not just about teaching them but empowering them to think critically and innovate for the betterment of society.
In Abdul Kalam’s dream, who among the historical figures symbolised a shift from conquest to compassion?
- Mahatma Gandhi
- Albert Einstein
- Emperor Asoka
- Abraham Lincoln
The Correct Option is C
Approach Solution - 1
Approach Solution -2
Emperor Asoka symbolized the shift from conquest to compassion after reflecting on the Kalinga war, leading to his embrace of non-violence, Ahimsa Dharma.
Context: After the devastating Kalinga war, Emperor Asoka underwent a profound transformation. The horrors of the war and the suffering it caused made him reflect deeply on the nature of conquest and its consequences on human lives.
Realization of the Harmful Effects of Violence: The massive loss of life and the destruction caused during the war led Asoka to recognize the futility of violence in achieving true peace and prosperity. He understood that the real power of a ruler lies in compassion and the ability to lead with wisdom, not through force.
Embrace of Non-Violence (Ahimsa Dharma): In response to this realization, Asoka converted to Buddhism and adopted the principles of Ahimsa, or non-violence, which became central to his governance. He sought to lead by example, promoting peace, tolerance, and the welfare of all beings through his policies.
Final Thought: Emperor Asoka's shift from a warrior to a compassionate ruler marked a significant moment in history. His transformation demonstrates the power of reflection and the capacity for change, illustrating that true strength lies in promoting peace and non-violence over conquest.
What concept was born in Asoka’s mind in the dream, according to Abdul Kalam?
- Karma
- Ahimsa Dharma
- Nirvana
- Moksha
The Correct Option is B
Approach Solution - 1
Approach Solution -2
Asoka reflected on the Kalinga war in Abdul Kalam's dream, which led to the birth of Ahimsa Dharma (non-violence) in his mind.
Context: In a moment of deep reflection, Asoka, through Abdul Kalam's dream, revisits the horrors of the Kalinga war. This reflection serves as a catalyst for the profound change in Asoka's mindset, leading him to reconsider the path of violence.
Realization and Transformation: As Asoka ponders over the devastating consequences of the war, he feels a deep sense of remorse for the bloodshed and suffering it caused. This leads to the birth of a new understanding within him—Ahimsa Dharma, or the principle of non-violence, takes root in his mind.
Adoption of Non-Violence: The vision of non-violence profoundly changes Asoka’s approach to governance and personal conduct. Embracing the teachings of Buddhism, he chooses to rule with compassion, prioritizing peace and the welfare of his people over military conquest.
Final Thought: The reflection on the Kalinga war, experienced in Abdul Kalam's dream, not only marked a turning point in Asoka's life but also symbolized a broader shift in ancient India's approach to leadership and ethics. His embrace of Ahimsa Dharma remains one of the most significant transformations in history.
What significant decision did Abdul Kalam make after awakening from the dream?
- Shift focus from scientific career to nurturing enlightened individuals.
- Continue with his scheduled programme despite the incident.
- Pursue more awards and accolades in his scientific field.
- Explore the moonlit desert with the historical figures from the dream.
The Correct Option is A
Approach Solution - 1
Approach Solution -2
Kalam shifted his focus from scientific achievements to nurturing and enlightening young minds, emphasizing a commitment to future generations.
Context: Throughout his illustrious career, Kalam made significant contributions to India's scientific advancements. However, after moments of reflection, he recognized that his true purpose was to empower the future generations, shifting his focus from technological achievements to the holistic development of young minds.
Realization and Change in Direction: Kalam realized that while scientific progress was important, the development of young people, particularly in the fields of education and values, would have a far greater and lasting impact on society. He believed that nurturing the youth was key to building a better future for India.
Commitment to Enlightening Young Minds: Kalam dedicated his later years to inspiring and mentoring young students, encouraging them to dream big and work hard. He became a symbol of hope and motivation, emphasizing the need for education, discipline, and vision to empower the next generation of leaders and innovators.
Final Thought: Kalam's shift in focus represents a profound lesson in leadership: true success lies not just in individual achievements, but in the ability to inspire and guide others towards greatness. His commitment to future generations continues to inspire millions across the globe.
Find a word from the passage that has a similar meaning to the word ‘Deep’
- Unfazed
- Profound
- Higher
- Vivid
The Correct Option is B
Approach Solution - 1
Approach Solution -2
The word “profound” refers to deep thoughts or insights, which align with the depth of contemplation mentioned in Abdul Kalam's passage.
Context: The word "profound" is often used to describe something that has a significant depth, whether in terms of thought, emotion, or understanding. In the context of Abdul Kalam’s passage, it aptly captures the deep level of reflection and insight he experienced during his moments of contemplation.
Meaning of "Profound": When Kalam reflects on his life and his mission, he does so with profound thoughts, meaning his insights are not shallow or fleeting but are rooted in deep, meaningful contemplation. The use of this term emphasizes the seriousness and depth of his reflections.
Alignment with Kalam's Reflection: The use of the word "profound" in this context highlights the transformative nature of Abdul Kalam’s thoughts as he shifted his focus from scientific achievements to the nurturing of young minds. His reflections were not surface-level but instead led to a deep realization that shaped his future endeavors.
Final Thought: The depth of Kalam’s contemplation, as reflected in the use of the word “profound,” mirrors the significance of his personal transformation, illustrating how deep thought can lead to a broader and more meaningful purpose in life.
Select an antonym for the word “tranquilliser”
- Sedative
- Stimulant
- Calming
- Soothing
The Correct Option is B
Approach Solution - 1
Approach Solution -2
The word “stimulant” is the opposite of “tranquilliser,” as a stimulant increases activity or alertness, while a tranquilliser induces calmness or reduces anxiety.
Context: The term "stimulant" refers to substances that increase activity in the body or mind, enhancing alertness or energy. In contrast, a "tranquilliser" is a substance that induces calmness, relaxation, and reduces anxiety or stress. These terms are opposites in their effects on the human system.
Definition of Stimulant: A stimulant, such as caffeine or certain medications, works by increasing the levels of certain chemicals in the brain, promoting heightened alertness, increased physical activity, and improved focus.
Definition of Tranquilliser: A tranquilliser, on the other hand, works by calming the nervous system, reducing stress, and inducing a sense of relaxation or sleep. Medications like benzodiazepines or sedatives fall under this category.
Final Thought: The contrasting effects of stimulants and tranquillizers demonstrate how different substances can influence the mind and body in opposing ways—one energizing and the other calming. Their usage depends on the specific needs of the individual, whether to increase activity or reduce anxiety.
Top Questions on Reading Comprehension
“Why do they pull down and do away with crooked streets, I wonder, which are my delight, and hurt no man living? Every day the wealthier nations are pulling down one or another in their capitals and their great towns: they do not know why they do it; neither do I. It ought to be enough, surely, to drive the great broad ways which commerce needs and which are the life-channels of a modern city, without destroying all history and all the humanity in between: the islands of the past.”
(From Hilaire Belloc’s “The Crooked Streets”)
Based only on the information provided in the above passage, which one of the following statements is true?- GATE PH - 2025
- General Aptitude
- Reading Comprehension
“Why do they pull down and do away with crooked streets, I wonder, which are my delight, and hurt no man living? Every day the wealthier nations are pulling down one or another in their capitals and their great towns: they do not know why they do it; neither do I. It ought to be enough, surely, to drive the great broad ways which commerce needs and which are the life-channels of a modern city, without destroying all history and all the humanity in between: the islands of the past.” (From Hilaire Belloc’s “The Crooked Streets”)
Based only on the information provided in the above passage, which one of the following statements is true?
- GATE CE - 2025
- General Aptitude
- Reading Comprehension
- “His life was divided between the books, his friends, and long walks. A solitary man, he worked at all hours without much method, and probably courted his fatal illness in this way. To his own name there is not much to show; but such was his liberality that he was continually helping others, and fruits of his erudition are widely scattered, and have gone to increase many a comparative stranger’s reputation.”
(From E.V. Lucas’s “A Funeral”)
Based only on the information provided in the above passage, which one of the following statements is true?- GATE CE - 2025
- General Aptitude
- Reading Comprehension
- Read the excerpt from a Handicrafts Manual: ‘Advanced Knitting Techniques’ and answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate answer.
THE FAIR ISLE METHOD: Fair Isle knitting is a traditional technique that involves using two or more colours of yarn in a single row to create intricate patterns and designs. This method requires careful tension management to ensure even stitches and prevent puckering. To begin, select your colours and cast on the desired number of stitches. As you knit, alternate between colours every few stitches, carrying the unused yarn along the back of the work. Mastering the Fair Isle technique allows you to create stunning visual effects in garments, accessories, and home textiles.
THE CONTINENTAL STYLE: The Continental knitting style, often referred to as “picking,” involves holding the yarn in the left hand while the right hand manipulates the needles. This method allows for greater speed and efficiency, particularly when working with complex patterns or multiple colours. To practice this style, start by casting on your stitches and using your left hand to tension the yarn. With each stitch, simply “pick” the yarn with your right needle, forming a quick and fluid motion. As you become comfortable with this technique, you may find that your overall knitting speed and comfort improve significantly.
THE SHORT-ROW TECHNIQUE: Short-row knitting is an advanced technique that allows for the creation of shaped garments, such as sleeves and shoulders, without the need for complex shaping. To make a sleeve using this technique, begin by casting on the required number of stitches. Work a portion of the row, then turn your work and return without completing the full row to create the “short rows” that shape the curves of the sleeve. To prevent holes at the turn, wrap the stitch before you turn your work. Repeat this process as needed to achieve the desired shaping and dimension of the sleeve. Once you have shaped the sleeve, you can then sew the side seams to connect the pieces of your garment and finally, complete the edges to ensure a clean finish. This method not only helps shape curves but also adds dimension to your piece, allowing you to enhance fit and style.- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2025
- English
- Reading Comprehension
- Read the following passage and answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate answer.
The Story of Coffee
Coffee, a beloved beverage enjoyed by millions around the globe, has a rich and captivating history that spans centuries. The story of coffee begins in the ancient highlands of Ethiopia, where, according to legend, a goat herder named Kaldi discovered the stimulating effects of coffee beans. One day, Kaldi noticed his goats frolicking with unusual energy after eating red berries from a certain tree. Curious, he tried the berries himself and experienced a newfound alertness. This discovery soon spread to monasteries, where monks used it to stay awake during long hours of prayer. From Ethiopia, coffee cultivation and consumption spread to the Arabian Peninsula, particularly in Yemen, where the practice of roasting coffee beans and brewing the drink began to take shape. By the 15th century, coffee had become a popular beverage in the Islamic world, with coffee houses known as ‘qahveh khaneh’ emerging as social hubs for conversation, music, and intellectual exchange. These coffee houses became centers of culture and commerce, influencing the spread of coffee to Turkey and beyond, eventually reaching Europe. In Europe, coffee initially faced resistance from religious authorities who considered it a ‘Muslim drink’ and tried to ban it. However, its popularity persisted, and by the 17th century, coffee houses had sprung up in major European cities, becoming important gathering places for artists, writers, and thinkers. The stimulating effects of coffee were embraced during the Age of Enlightenment, where it was seen as a catalyst for intellectual discussion and innovation. The journey of coffee continued with the establishment of colonial plantations in tropical regions such as the Caribbean, Central and South America, and Southeast Asia. These plantations fuelled the global demand for coffee, transforming it from a regional specialty to a major commodity. The industrial revolution further accelerated coffee production and consumption, leading to innovations in coffee brewing methods and the development of instant coffee. In the modern era, coffee has evolved into a deeply ingrained part of daily life for people worldwide. Its cultural significance spans from the bustling cafes of Paris to the quiet coffee farms of Colombia. Today, coffee remains not only a popular beverage but also a symbol of social interaction, productivity, and enjoyment. Whether sipped slowly over a conversation with friends or grabbed hastily on the way to work, the story of coffee continues to unfold, intertwining with the histories and cultures of countless societies across the globe.- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2025
- English
- Reading Comprehension
Questions Asked in CUET exam
- Two resistances of 100 \(\Omega\) and 200 \(\Omega\) are connected in series across a 20 V battery as shown in the figure below. The reading in a 200 \(\Omega\) voltmeter connected across the 200 \(\Omega\) esistance is _______.
Fill in the blank with the correct answer from the options given below- CUET (UG) - 2024
- Current electricity
- A molecule X associates in a given solvent as per the following equation:
X ⇌ (X)n
For a given concentration of X, the van’t Hoff factor was found to be 0.80 and the
fraction of associated molecules was 0.3. The correct value of ‘n’ is:- CUET (UG) - 2024
- Solutions
- If $t = e^{2x}$ and $y = \ln(t^2)$, then $\frac{d^2 y}{dx^2}$ is:
- CUET (UG) - 2024
- Second Order Derivative
- The corner points of the feasible region determined by $x + y \leq 8$, $2x + y \geq 8$, $x \geq 0$, $y \geq 0$ are $A(0, 8)$, $B(4, 0)$, and $C(8, 0)$. If the objective function $Z = ax + by$ has its maximum value on the line segment $AB$, then the relation between $a$ and $b$ is:
- CUET (UG) - 2024
- Linear Programmig Problem
- If 75$\%$ of a first-order reaction gets completed in 32 minutes, the time taken for 50$\%$ completion of this reaction is:
- CUET (UG) - 2024
- Order of reaction