Read the following passage and answer the question that follows by selecting the correct option:
In the quaint village of Malgudi, nestled between lush green fields and swaying palm trees, lived a man named Raghavan. He was known for his peculiar habit of collecting colourful pebbles from the riverbank every morning. The villagers, initially perplexed by this ritual, soon came to see it as a unique aspect of Raghavan’s character.
One day, as the Sun painted the sky in hues of orange and pink, Raghavan discovered a pebble
unlike any he had seen before. It shimmered with an iridescent glow, casting a magical aura around it. Intrigued, he decided to keep this special pebble in a small wooden box on his windowsill.
As days passed, rumours of the enchanted pebble spread across Malgudi, attracting visitors from neighbouring villages. They sought Raghavan’s wisdom, believing that the mystical pebble held the answers to life’s mysteries. Raghavan, a humble man, shared his insights with those who came, emphasising the beauty of simplicity and the magic within everyday moments.
Raghavan’s neighbour, Murrku, jealous of his success, decided to rob him off the pebble and sell it off to a bidder at a good price. This was important as he would be able to buy the most expensive doll for his daughter Rae on her birthday. He spent days and nights planning for the robbery and was successful in fulfilling his target. But this did not make any difference in Rae’s birthday celebration which had been complete with the simple toy made out of house- hold stuff presented to her by Raghavan. Murrku understood Raghavan’s simple philosophy of life. In the bid to get the most precious gift for his daughter, Murrku had forgotten Rae’s
birthday.
Complete the sentence:
Raghavan’s pebble was unique due to______.
Raghavan’s pebble was unique due to______.
- Its size
- Its iridescent glow
- Its shape
- Its weight
The Correct Option is B
Approach Solution - 1
In the passage provided, Raghavan's pebble is described as having an "iridescent glow." This detail emphasizes the pebble's distinctive quality that sets it apart from others. The passage describes how this glow is unlike anything Raghavan had seen before, highlighting the magical and unique nature of the pebble. Additionally, the "iridescent glow" becomes a central point of fascination for both Raghavan and the visitors from neighbouring villages, reinforcing its uniqueness.
Therefore, the correct completion of the sentence is: Raghavan’s pebble was unique due to its iridescent glow.
Approach Solution -2
The iridescent glow made Raghavan’s pebble unique, giving it a magical aura.
Context: The iridescent glow refers to a shimmering, changing color effect often seen on surfaces that reflect light in various ways. In this case, the glow made Raghavan's pebble stand out, imbuing it with an almost mystical or otherworldly quality.
Unique Characteristics of the Pebble: The iridescent glow that surrounded the pebble set it apart from ordinary stones, making it a one-of-a-kind object. This special characteristic could evoke wonder and curiosity, leading one to think of the pebble as more than just a simple rock.
Magical Aura: The magical aura suggests that the pebble is not only visually striking but also carries a sense of mystery or enchantment. Its appearance could imply that it holds special significance or power, adding to its allure and intrigue.
Final Thought: The iridescent glow and magical aura of Raghavan's pebble transform it from a mere object into something extraordinary, invoking a sense of wonder and fascination.
Why did the villagers initially find Raghavan’s pebble-collecting habit peculiar?
- They were jealous of his collection.
- They believed it brought bad luck.
- They did not understand the reason for it.
- They thought it was a waste of time.
The Correct Option is C
Approach Solution - 1
In the passage, the reason why the villagers initially found Raghavan’s pebble-collecting habit peculiar is because they did not understand the reason for it. The text describes how the villagers were "initially perplexed by this ritual," which indicates their lack of understanding.
Therefore, the correct answer is: They did not understand the reason for it.
Approach Solution -2
The villagers initially found Raghavan’s habit peculiar because they did not understand the reason for it. Over time, they saw it as a unique aspect of his character.
Context: Raghavan’s habit, which initially seemed strange to the villagers, was something they couldn’t comprehend at first. The lack of understanding led to it being viewed as unusual or even odd.
Initial Perception: At first, the villagers couldn’t grasp the purpose or reason behind Raghavan’s habit. Their unfamiliarity with it caused them to view it with suspicion or confusion, seeing it as something out of the ordinary.
Evolution of Perspective: Over time, however, the villagers began to see the habit not as peculiar but as a unique aspect of Raghavan's personality. This shift in perspective allowed them to appreciate his individuality, recognizing that what was once seen as odd was, in fact, an important part of his character.
Final Thought: The change in the villagers’ perception of Raghavan’s habit highlights how time and understanding can transform something initially considered strange into a valuable part of one's identity.
What did Raghavan do with the enchanted pebble?
- He sold it to the highest bidder.
- He displayed it in the village square.
- He kept it in a small wooden box.
- He threw it back into the river.
The Correct Option is C
Approach Solution - 1
In the passage, Raghavan discovered a unique pebble with an iridescent glow. Intrigued by its beauty, he decided to keep this special pebble. According to the passage, Raghavan chose to store the pebble in a small wooden box on his windowsill. This decision reflects his appreciation for its unique qualities and his intent to preserve it carefully.
Therefore, based on the passage, the correct answer is: He kept it in a small wooden box.
Approach Solution -2
Raghavan kept the enchanted pebble in a small wooden box on his windowsill because of its iridescent glow and magical aura.
Context: Raghavan’s pebble is described as being enchanted, with an iridescent glow and a magical aura. These extraordinary characteristics made the pebble a significant object to him, and he chose to keep it in a safe and special place.
Why the Wooden Box? The small wooden box likely served as a protective enclosure for the pebble, preserving its mystical qualities. By placing the pebble on his windowsill, Raghavan ensured that it was both secure and visible, allowing its iridescent glow to shine through the window and catch the light.
Magical Qualities: The iridescent glow and magical aura of the pebble suggested it held a special, perhaps otherworldly, significance. Keeping it in such a prominent position may have been Raghavan's way of honoring its mysterious power and ensuring it remained part of his daily life.
Final Thought: The enchanted pebble, with its glowing and magical properties, became a cherished object for Raghavan, and placing it in a wooden box on his windowsill allowed it to shine in both a literal and metaphorical sense.
What symbolic meaning might the iridescent glow of the enchanted pebble hold in the context of the narrative?
- Power and authority
- Enlightenment and wisdom
- Love and compassion
- Misfortune and tragedy
The Correct Option is B
Approach Solution - 1
The iridescent glow of the enchanted pebble symbolically represents "Enlightenment and wisdom" in the narrative. This is inferred from the context where Raghavan, who embodies simplicity and insight, becomes a source of wisdom for villagers when they seek answers to life's complexities, believing in the mystical power of the pebble. The narrative supports this meaning by showing that the pebble, with its mesmerizing glow, draws people to Raghavan, who communicates the importance of finding magic in everyday moments and the value of a simple life.
Thus, the pebble's glow transcends material worth, offering a metaphor for inner enlightenment and the wisdom imparted by the protagonist's humble demeanor.
Approach Solution -2
The iridescent glow of the pebble symbolizes enlightenment and wisdom, as it attracts people seeking answers to life’s mysteries.
Context: The iridescent glow of the pebble is not just a visual phenomenon but serves as a symbol of deeper meanings such as enlightenment and wisdom. Its shimmering light draws people who are searching for understanding and answers to the complex questions of life.
Symbolism of the Glow: The iridescent glow can be interpreted as representing clarity, insight, and the illumination of the mind. Just as light reveals what is hidden in darkness, the glow of the pebble symbolizes the uncovering of truth and knowledge.
Attraction of Seekers: The pebble’s glow attracts individuals who are on a quest for answers to life's mysteries. Its mystical aura beckons those in need of guidance, indicating that it holds more than just physical beauty—it serves as a beacon for those seeking wisdom and understanding.
Final Thought: The iridescent glow of the pebble serves as a powerful metaphor for enlightenment, drawing those who seek to uncover the deeper truths of existence and find clarity in the midst of life’s uncertainties.
How did Raghavan’s perspective on life impact the visitors who came seeking his wisdom?
- They were disappointed by his simplicity.
- They mocked him for his beliefs.
- They left Malgudi disheartened.
- They found solace in his wisdom.
The Correct Option is D
Approach Solution - 1
Raghavan’s perspective on life had a profound impact on the visitors who came seeking his wisdom in Malgudi. His emphasis on the beauty of simplicity and the magic within everyday moments allowed these visitors to find solace. The special pebble, which was believed to hold the secrets to life, was merely a medium through which Raghavan shared his insights. This enchanting narrative portrays how people derived comfort and understanding from Raghavan's humble and simplistic outlook, which resonated with them, providing respite from their life's complexities.
Given these insights and the comprehension of Raghavan's influence on the visitors, the correct answer to the question of how Raghavan's perspective impacted them is: They found solace in his wisdom.
Approach Solution -2
Raghavan’s simple yet profound wisdom gave comfort and enlightenment to the visitors who came seeking answers.
Context: Raghavan’s wisdom is described as both simple and profound, suggesting that it is accessible yet deeply meaningful. His ability to offer comfort and enlightenment to those in search of answers shows the power of humble yet insightful guidance.
Simple Yet Profound Wisdom: Raghavan’s wisdom was not based on complex ideas but on the clarity and depth of understanding. His words were straightforward, yet they resonated with those who heard them, providing comfort in times of uncertainty and offering profound insights into life’s questions.
Comfort and Enlightenment: Visitors seeking answers were drawn to Raghavan because his wisdom had the power to ease their minds and illuminate the paths they sought to understand. His words acted as a guiding light, offering clarity and solace to those in need of direction.
Final Thought: Raghavan’s ability to provide both comfort and enlightenment through his simple yet profound wisdom highlights the importance of clarity, kindness, and insight in helping others navigate life’s mysteries.
After possessing the enchanted pebble, Murrku realizes that:
- Love and care is less important than expensive gifts.
- Expensive items can compensate for forgetfulness.
- It is important to have followers like Raghavan.
- Everyday moments have magic.
The Correct Option is D
Approach Solution - 1
In the passage, Murrku goes through a transformative realization after possessing the enchanted pebble. Initially, he believes that obtaining an expensive gift (the pebble) will boost his social standing or provide happiness. However, his experience at Rae's birthday, where a simple toy made by Raghavan outshines the expensive gift, teaches him a valuable lesson. He comes to understand the philosophy that Raghavan lives by: the magic and significance of everyday moments and simplicity in life. Thus, Murrku realizes that it is not lavish gifts or wealth that bring joy or meaning but the simple, cherished moments we often overlook.
Given the options provided, the correct understanding that Murrku gains is best summed up as: Everyday moments have magic.
Approach Solution -2
Murrku realizes that the real joy lies in everyday moments, as shown when Rae found happiness with a simple handmade gift.
Context: In this passage, Murrku comes to the realization that true happiness doesn't necessarily come from grand or material possessions but can be found in the simplicity of everyday moments. This is exemplified when Rae experiences joy from something as simple as a handmade gift.
Realization of True Joy: Murrku's realization reflects the idea that life’s most meaningful pleasures often lie in the small, everyday experiences rather than in extravagant or complex things. Rae's happiness with a handmade gift serves as a perfect illustration of this idea, as the joy comes not from the gift's value but from the thought and personal touch behind it.
The Power of Simplicity: Rae's contentment with something simple yet meaningful shows how the smallest acts of kindness or the most basic gifts can bring immense joy. It’s a reminder that happiness can be found in the simplicity of human connections and personal gestures.
Final Thought: Murrku’s realization that true joy comes from everyday moments encourages us to find value in the simple, often overlooked aspects of life, reminding us that happiness can be found in the most unexpected places.
Top Questions on Reading Comprehension
- The advent of social media has dramatically transformed the way individuals consume and share information. In earlier times, people largely depended on newspapers, radio, or television as their primary sources of knowledge about the world. These were institutions that followed established editorial practices and fact-checking processes. With the rise of digital platforms, however, the traditional ‘gatekeepers’ of information have been bypassed. Today, anyone with internet access can create content, express an opinion, or broadcast an idea to a global audience within seconds.
This shift has certainly democratized access and given voice to communities and individuals who were often ignored by mainstream media. Yet, this democratization comes with challenges. Alongside genuine voices, social media has also amplified misinformation, rumours, and half-truths. Unlike traditional journalism, where accountability and verification are built into the system, social media thrives on speed, virality, and emotion. A misleading headline, a misinterpreted statistic, or even a doctored image can travel across the world before fact-checkers have the chance to intervene.
The consequences of such unchecked information can be serious, ranging from the spread of fear and panic to the manipulation of public opinion. The impact of this transformation extends beyond individual users to institutions and democracies. Political campaigns, corporate branding, and even social movements are now shaped by algorithms that decide what people see and when they see it. These algorithms prioritize engagement, often promoting content that provokes stronger emotional reactions rather than balanced analysis.
As a result, echo chambers form, online spaces where people are repeatedly exposed to opinions that mirror their own, reinforcing biases and reducing openness to differing perspectives. This has contributed to increasing polarization in societies across the world. Moreover, the competition for attention has blurred the line between information and entertainment, leading to the rise of sensationalism even in serious public discourse. The credibility of expertise too has been undermined, as opinions from unverified sources are often placed on the same footing as evidence-based knowledge.
In response, several governments and technology companies are exploring ways to promote digital literacy, enhance transparency in algorithms, and strengthen fact-checking collaborations. Ultimately, the challenge lies in balancing the openness of digital spaces with mechanisms that ensure responsibility and trustworthiness in public communication.- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2026
- English
- Reading Comprehension
- I have still to be brother to a Prince, though I once came near to kinship with what might have been a veritable King, and was promised the reversion of a Kingdom, army, law-courts, revenue, and policy, all complete. But, today, I greatly fear that my King is dead, and if I want a crown I must go and hunt it for myself. The beginning of everything was in a railway train upon the road to Mhow from Ajmir. There had been a deficit in the Budget, which necessitated travelling, not Second class, which is only half as dear as First class, but by Intermediate, which is very awful indeed. There are no cushions in the Intermediate class, and the population is either Intermediate, which is Eurasian, or native, which for a long night journey is nasty; or Loafer, which is amusing though intoxicated. Intermediates do not patronize refreshment rooms. They carry their food in bundles and pots, and buy sweets from the native sweet meat sellers, and drink the roadside water. That is why in the hot weather Intermediates are taken out of the carriages dead, and in all weathers are most properly looked down upon.
My particular Intermediate happened to be empty till I reached Nasirabad, when a huge gentleman in shirt sleeves entered, and following the custom of Intermediates, passed the time of day. He was a wanderer and a vagabond like myself, but with an educated taste for alcohol. He told daring tales of things he had seen and done, of out-of-the-way corners of the Empire into which he had penetrated, and of adventures in which he risked his life for a few days’ food. “If India was filled with men like you and me, not knowing more than the crows where they’d get their next day’s rations, it isn’t seventy millions of revenue the land would be paying, it’s seven hundred millions,” said he; and as I looked at his mouth and chin I was disposed to agree with him.
We talked politics, the politics of Loaferdom that sees things from the underside where the lath and plaster is not smoothed off, and we talked postal arrangements because my friend wanted to send a telegram back from the next station to Ajmir, which is the turning off place from the Bombay to the Mhow line as you travel westward. He had the air of one who had seen strange countries and stranger men, yet bore himself without vanity. There was a restless light in his eyes, the sort that belongs to men who have lived too long without a fixed purpose. When he spoke of the Empire, it was not with loyalty nor with bitterness, but with the detached amusement of one who has played his part and lost interest in the game. His laughter came easily, though it seemed to echo from some remembered hardship. It struck me then that his stories were less of adventure than of survival.- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2026
- English
- Reading Comprehension
Democracy, often hailed as the most equitable form of governance, is a system where power ultimately rests in the hands of the people. The word derives from the Greek words ”demos” meaning people and ”kratos” meaning power or rule. Democracy aims to provide equal political participation and protect the individual freedoms of all citizens. However, while the idea of democracy is simple, its practice is frequently complex and fraught with challenges. At its core, democracy functions on the principle of majority rule, yet it simultaneously guarantees the protection of minority rights.
This balance ensures that while the majority has the power to make decisions through voting, the fundamental rights of minorities are not trampled upon. Such a system requires consistent vigilance and respect for the rule of law. Without these, democracies can devolve into majoritarian tyranny or authoritarianism. The practice of democracy is not merely limited to voting in elections. It encompasses freedom of speech, an independent judiciary, free press, and protection of individual rights. These elements together create a political environment where citizens can express dissent, hold leaders accountable, and participate actively in decision-making. When any component is weakened, the democratic process becomes vulnerable.
In recent times, democratic societies worldwide have grappled with new challenges. The rise of misinformation and fake news has eroded public trust in institutions and polarized societies. Social media platforms, meant to facilitate communication, have sometimes amplified divisive narratives and falsehoods. This has resulted in voter manipulation and a growing skepticism toward democratic processes. Literacy in media and critical thinking is increasingly vital to safeguard democracy from such threats. Economic inequality poses another significant challenge. While democracy promises equal rights politically, vast disparities in wealth and opportunity undermine this ideal.
This phenomenon raises questions about whether democracy is achievable without addressing socioeconomic inequalities. Furthermore, the involvement of citizens is crucial. Democracy requires that people are informed, engaged, and willing to participate beyond casting votes. Civic education and awareness campaigns play an essential role in nurturing responsible citizenship. Apathy or disengagement weakens the democratic fabric, opening avenues for corruption and other dangers to the system. In conclusion, democracy thrives on the collective responsibility of governments and citizens to protect its pillars and ensure inclusive, fair governance.- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2026
- English
- Reading Comprehension
The Rule of Law
by Tom BinghamJustice: What’s the Right Thing to Do?
by Michael J. SandelLetters to a Law Student
by Nicholas J. McBrideIn The Rule of Law, former Lord Chief Justice Tom Bingham explores how the principle of legality underpins modern democratic life. He defines the rule of law as more than just adherence to formal rules; it is the assurance that power is exercised within clear, fair, and publicly known boundaries.
Bingham distills the concept into eight principles, including equality before the law, access to justice, and respect for fundamental human rights. Drawing on cases and historical examples, he warns that national security and administrative efficiency must never override the rights of individuals.
The book bridges legal philosophy and practice, arguing that law must be both predictable and humane. For Bingham, the rule of law represents a moral ideal, one that sustains public trust in justice and curbs arbitrary governance.Michael Sandel’s Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do? examines moral reasoning in law and politics. Through examples like price gouging, affirmative action, and taxation, Sandel invites readers to explore competing notions of fairness.
He engages with philosophical traditions such as utilitarianism, libertarianism, and Rawlsian egalitarianism, showing that questions of justice cannot be separated from questions of virtue and the common good.
Sandel rejects the idea of a morally “neutral” legal system, arguing that public deliberation about values is essential to democracy. Ultimately, he argues that a just society is one that cultivates civic responsibility, not merely individual rights.Nicholas McBride’s Letters to a Law Student is a practical and reflective guide for aspiring lawyers. Written as a series of letters to a student beginning law school, it explores what legal study truly involves.
This includes mastering case analysis, understanding precedents, and developing critical reasoning. McBride distinguishes between knowing the law and thinking like a lawyer, the latter requiring analytical discipline and ethical awareness.
He emphasizes that good lawyers combine intellectual rigor with moral judgment and clarity of expression. Beyond academic success, the book urges students to reflect on law’s purpose, balancing order, justice, and compassion in human affairs.- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2026
- English
- Reading Comprehension
Urban gardening has become increasingly popular as a means to address food security, sustainability, and mental well-being in cities. By growing their own fruits, vegetables, and herbs, individuals can reduce their reliance on commercial supply chains that contribute to extensive transportation, energy consumption, and synthetic chemical use. In addition to providing fresh, nutritious food, urban gardening also contributes to environmental sustainability by mitigating urban heat island effects, improving air quality, and managing water runoff. Furthermore, it offers psychological benefits, including reduced stress, improved mood, and a sense of accomplishment. Despite its many benefits, urban gardening faces challenges like space limitations, poor soil quality, and inadequate sunlight, which gardeners overcome using innovative techniques such as vertical farming and hydroponics.
- AILET BALLB (Hons.) - 2026
- English
- Reading Comprehension
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