Question:

Pyramid of numbers is

Updated On: Jul 6, 2022
  • always upright
  • always inverted
  • either upright or inverted
  • neither upright nor inverted
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

Ecological pyramids are pictorial representation of relationship between organisms at different trophic levels, regarding energy, biomass or number. Pyramid of numbers can be either upright or inverted. For example, in a grassland ecosystem, pyramid of number will be upright because number of primary consumers are less than primary producers and that of secondary consumers are less than primary consumers and so on. On the other hand, in a parasitic food chain the pyramid of number will be inverted.
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Notes on Ecological Succession

Concepts Used:

Ecological Succession

Ecological succession is the steady and moderate change in a species of a given area with respect to the changing environment. Our nature consists of both biotic and abiotic factors. When these biotic and abiotic factors interact with each other to develop natural communities they give rise to such successions.

Ecological Succession:

When land is left on its own for years, it starts being occupied by microorganisms followed by wild shrubs and other large plants, which gives rise to a new ecosystem. The series of stages is quite predictable and inescapable. In order to understand the primary and secondary succession, we need to be very much clear about what ecological succession is as they are its types. This succession mainly focuses to bring about equilibrium in the ecosystem. When the target is achieved, it is called a climax community. 

The number of species to survive is then decided based on achieving the equilibrium. In a community, these changes happen in a sequence, and such a community is known as a seral community which further is an intermediate stage of ecological succession advancing towards the climax community. All the succession begins with an instigating species. The instigate species or the first species build an initial biological community that is simpler in form. The initiation of this ecological succession separates it into the following three types –

  1. Primary succession
  2. Secondary succession
  3. Cyclic Succession