Peptide synthesis inside a cell takes place in
Show Hint
Chromoplast and chloroplast are found in plants and perform specific functions.
- Chloroplast
- Mitochondria
- Chromoplast
Ribosomes
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Peptide synthesis inside a cell takes place in ribosome. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. The process of converting mRNA into protein is called as translation.
In this process, the two sub-units of ribosomes - larger and the smaller subunit, attaches on the strand of mRNA from both sides. The larger subunit of ribosomes contains tRNA-binding sites where tRNA binds and read the codons present on the mRNA. The ribosome keeps moving the mRNA forward and the tRNA molecule attaches the corresponding amino acids to the strand, translating the mRNA into a polypeptide chain.
The other three options are incorrect as they do not participate in translation:
- Chloroplast - It is the site for the photosynthesis in plants.
- Mitochondria - Mitochondria are termed as the ‘powerhouse of the cell’ as they are the site for energy production. The process of oxidative phosphorylation occurs in mitochondria.
- Chromoplast - Chromoplast are the sites for synthesis and storage of pigments like carotene, xanthophylls etc.
Top Questions on Translation
- (a) Explain the process by which amino acid gets attached to the tRNA molecule during translation process.
(b) How does the translation process get terminated?
(c) Expand ‘UTR’. Where are they located?- CBSE CLASS XII - 2024
- Biology
- Translation
- (ii) Write the initiating codon for translation, its anticodon, and the amino acid it codes for.
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2024
- Biology
- Translation
- Write the initiating codon for translation, its anticodon, and the amino acid it codes for.
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2024
- Biology
- Translation
- How many GTP molecules are required for the translocation of tRNA from P site to E site during translation elongation process in bacteria?
- IIT JAM BT - 2022
- Biology
- Translation
- The first phase of translation is:
- NEET (UG) - 2020
- Biology
- Translation
Questions Asked in NEET exam
- Two gases A and B are filled at the same pressure in separate cylinders with movable pistons of radii \(r_A\) and \(r_B\) respectively. On supplying an equal amount of heat to both the cylinders, their pressures remain constant and their pistons are displaced by 16 cm and 9 cm respectively. If the change in their internal energies is the same, then the ratio \(r_A / r_B\) is:
- NEET (UG) - 2025
- Thermodynamics
- Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Fig fruit is a non-vegetarian fruit as it has enclosed fig wasps in it.
Statement II: Fig wasp and fig tree exhibit a mutual relationship as the fig wasp completes its life cycle in the fig fruit and the fig fruit gets pollinated by the fig wasp. - Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Cells of the tapetum possess dense cytoplasm and generally have more than one nucleus.
Reason (R): Presence of more than one nucleus in the tapetum increases the efficiency of nourishing the developing microspore mother cells.- NEET (UG) - 2025
- Reproduction in Plants
A constant voltage of 50 V is maintained between the points A and B of the circuit shown in the figure. The current through the branch CD of the circuit is :
- NEET (UG) - 2025
- Current electricity
A bob of heavy mass \(m\) is suspended by a light string of length \(l\). The bob is given a horizontal velocity \(v_0\) as shown in figure. If the string gets slack at some point P making an angle \( \theta \) from the horizontal, the ratio of the speed \(v\) of the bob at point P to its initial speed \(v_0\) is :
- NEET (UG) - 2025
- Pendulums
Concepts Used:
Translation
The translation is the process of converting nucleic acid information into amino acids. It also relates to the process of producing proteins from mRNA templates.
Components of Translation:
The main components of translation include :
- mRNA of both Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
- tRNA - It helps in sending commands or transferring the information between protein and nucleic acids.
- Ribosomes - It contains ribosomal RNA and proteins, therefore, it is called the manufacturing unit of a cell.
- Enzymes - It is required for the formation of a peptide bond between the amino acids and also to attach amino acids to the accurate tRNA molecules.
- Proteins - They are the soluble factors, which are required for proper initiation, elongation and termination of translation.
Translation Process:
The three stages of translation are-
- Initiation involves assembling ribosomes around mRNA and activating amino acid and delivering it to the transfer RNA.
- Elongation is the process in which the RNA strand gets longer by adding amino acids.
- The termination process only involves releasing a polypeptide chain.