Question:

Peptide synthesis inside a cell takes place in

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Chromoplast and chloroplast are found in plants and perform specific functions. 

Updated On: Aug 20, 2024
  • Chloroplast
  • Mitochondria
  • Chromoplast

  • Ribosomes

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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

Peptide synthesis inside a cell takes place in ribosome. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. The process of converting mRNA into protein is called as translation. 

In this process, the two sub-units of ribosomes - larger and the smaller subunit, attaches on the strand of mRNA from both sides. The larger subunit of ribosomes contains tRNA-binding sites where tRNA binds and read the codons present on the mRNA. The ribosome keeps moving the mRNA forward and the tRNA molecule attaches the corresponding amino acids to the strand, translating the mRNA into a polypeptide chain. 

The other three options are incorrect as they do not participate in translation:

  • Chloroplast - It is the site for the photosynthesis in plants. 
  • Mitochondria - Mitochondria are termed as the ‘powerhouse of the cell’ as they are the site for energy production. The process of oxidative phosphorylation occurs in mitochondria. 
  • Chromoplast - Chromoplast are the sites for synthesis and storage of pigments like carotene, xanthophylls etc. 
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Concepts Used:

Translation

The translation is the process of converting nucleic acid information into amino acids. It also relates to the process of producing proteins from mRNA templates.

Components of Translation:

The main components of translation include :

  1. mRNA of both Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
  2. tRNA - It helps in sending commands or transferring the information between protein and nucleic acids.
  3. Ribosomes - It contains ribosomal RNA and proteins, therefore, it is called the manufacturing unit of a cell.
  4. Enzymes - It is required for the formation of a peptide bond between the amino acids and also to attach amino acids to the accurate tRNA molecules.
  5. Proteins - They are the soluble factors, which are required for proper initiation, elongation and termination of translation.

Translation Process:

The three stages of translation are-

  • Initiation involves assembling ribosomes around mRNA and activating amino acid and delivering it to the transfer RNA.
  • Elongation is the process in which the RNA strand gets longer by adding amino acids. 
  • The termination process only involves releasing a polypeptide chain.