List of practice Questions

Read the below passage and answer the questions that follow.
In a world still churning out trendy throw-away fashion pieces at breakneck speed, the idea of upcycled or refashioned apparel can be an anomaly. But it is a con tinuously growing trend and is one of the most sustainable things people can do in fashion. As upcycling makes use of already existing pieces, it often uses few re sources in its creation and actually keeps ’unwanted’ items out of the waste stream. There are more textiles produced in the world today than can be used. And once these clothes have fulfilled their ’useful’ lives they are sent to the landfill or are donated to thrift stores. This is not as beneficial as people think as only about 20 to 30 percent of donated clothing is actually re-sold. Massive amounts of donated clothing that are not deemed as ’re-sellable’ in the U.S. are shipped to develop ing countries, inundating them with unnecessary goods that stifle any emerging economic development in textiles. While many people may have the idea that they are helping clothe the poor in these countries, access to the Internet and cell phones has made many of these countries more fashion-forward recently, and they may have no interest in our American cast-offs. Since this model relies on a waste economy, what happens when exportation is no longer an option? 
This is where upcycling offers an answer. Upcycling is a way of processing an item to make it better than the original. It can be done using either pre-consumer or post-consumer waste or a combination of the two. Pre-consumer waste is produced while items are being manufactured and post-consumer waste results from the fin ished product reaching the end of its useful life for the consumer. Upcycling stops adding stuff to a world that is already overwhelmed with material things and reuses materials in creative and innovative ways- producing original often one-of-a-kind items from what many consider to be waste. It is a way for companies and design ers to be more efficient with leftover materials such as upholstery scraps or vintage textiles and to give new life to worn-out jeans and tattered T-shirts. Whether as everyday apparel or runway exhibition pieces, upcycling can challenge cultural codes- questioning what we consider to be trash versus fashion or beautiful versus ugly. For some it can also be a connection to our heritage- incorporating vintage clothing or using a family heirloom to create an original picce preserving a bit of history.
Read the below passage and answer the questions that follow.
Most of us think astrology was a fanciful misconception about the world that flourished in times of widespread superstition and ignorance, and did not, could not, survive advances in mathematics and science. Alexander Boxer is out to show how wrong that picture is, and (his book) A Scheme of Heaven will make you fall in love with astrology, even as it extinguishes any niggling suspicion that it might actually work. 
Boxer, a physicist and historian, kindles our admiration for the earliest astronomers. My favourite among his many jaw-dropping stories is the discovery of the preces sion of the equinoxes. This is the process by which the sun, each mid-spring and mid-autumn, rises at a fractionally different spot in the sky every year. It takes 26,000 years to make a full revolution of the zodiac-a tiny motion first detected by Hipparchus around 130 BC. And of course, Hipparchus, to make this observation at all, ’had to rely on the accuracy of star-gazers who would have seemed ancient even to him.... Boxer goes much further, dubbing it ’the ancient world’s most ambitious applied mathematics problem’. 
For as long as lives depend on the growth cycles of plants, the stars will, in a very general sense, dictate the destiny of our species. How far can we push this idea before it tips into absurdity? The answer is not immediately obvious, since pretty much any scheme we dream up will fit some conjunction or arrangement of the skies. As civilisations become richer and more various, the number and variety of historical events increases, as does the chance that some event will coincide with some planetary conjunction. Around the year 1400, the French Catholic cardinal Pierre d’Ailly concluded his astrological history of the world with a warning that the Antichrist could be expected to arrive in the year 1789, which of course turned out to be the year of the French Revolution. 
But with every spooky correlation comes an even larger horde of absurdities and fatuities. Today, using a machine-learning algorithm, Boxer shows that ’it’s possi ble to devise a model that perfectly mimics Bitcoin’s price history and that takes, as its input data, nothing more than the zodiac signs of the planets on any given day’. ... Boxer writes: ”Today there’s no need to root and rummage for incidental correlations. Modern machine-learning algorithms are correlation monsters. They can make pretty much any signal correlate with any other.” 
We are bewitched by big data, and imagine it is something new. We are ever indulgent towards economists who cannot even spot a global crash. We docilely conform to every algorithmically justified norm. Are we as credulous, then, as those who once took astrological advice as seriously as a medical diagnosis? Oh, for sure. At least our forebears could say they were having to feel their way in the dark. The statistical tools you need to sort real correlations from pretty patterns weren’t developed until the late 19th century. What’s our excuse? According to Boxer: ”Those of us who are enthusiastic about the promise of numerical data to unlock the secrets of ourselves and our world would do well simply to acknowledge that others have come this way before.”