Question

P value and level of significance.

Hint:

A P value of less than 0.05 is generally considered evidence to reject the null hypothesis, but it's important to interpret it in the context of the study design and sample size.

Answer 1

The P value and level of significance are fundamental concepts in statistical hypothesis testing.
Step 1: P Value:
- The P value is the probability that the observed results (or more extreme results) would occur if the null hypothesis were true. - A small P value (typically less than 0.05) indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis, suggesting that the observed effect is statistically significant.
Step 2: Level of Significance:
- The level of significance (\(\alpha\)) is the threshold below which the null hypothesis is rejected. It is often set at 0.05 or 5%. - If the P value is less than \(\alpha\), the null hypothesis is rejected, indicating a statistically significant result.