Question:
One gene - one enzyme hypothesis was postulated by -
One gene - one enzyme hypothesis was postulated by -
Updated On: Jul 28, 2022
- Beadle and Tatum
- R. Franklin
- Hershey and Chase
- A. Garrod
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
In 1948, Beadle and Tatum proposed one-gene one-enzyme hypothesis which states that a gene controls metabolic machinery of the organism through synthesis of an enzyme. This laid the foundation of biochemical genetics. Beadle and Tatum were awarded Nobel Prize in 1958. This one gene one enzyme theory has been changed to one gene one polypeptide hypothesis proposed by yanofsky. i.e. one gene synthesizes one polypeptide and many polypeptides form one enzyme.
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Concepts Used:
Translation
The translation is the process of converting nucleic acid information into amino acids. It also relates to the process of producing proteins from mRNA templates.
Components of Translation:
The main components of translation include :
- mRNA of both Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
- tRNA - It helps in sending commands or transferring the information between protein and nucleic acids.
- Ribosomes - It contains ribosomal RNA and proteins, therefore, it is called the manufacturing unit of a cell.
- Enzymes - It is required for the formation of a peptide bond between the amino acids and also to attach amino acids to the accurate tRNA molecules.
- Proteins - They are the soluble factors, which are required for proper initiation, elongation and termination of translation.
Translation Process:
The three stages of translation are-
- Initiation involves assembling ribosomes around mRNA and activating amino acid and delivering it to the transfer RNA.
- Elongation is the process in which the RNA strand gets longer by adding amino acids.
- The termination process only involves releasing a polypeptide chain.