Question:

Now-a-days amniocentesis is banned. Amniocentesis gives the information of any abnormality in the foetus and many other complications regarding pregnancy can be detected.

Updated On: Jul 28, 2022
  • If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
  • If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
  • If assertion is true but reason is false
  • If both assertion and reason are false
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

Amniocentesis is a foetal sex determination and disorder test based on the chromosomal pattern in the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing embryo. The amniotic fluid contains cells from foetus skin and respiratory tract. These cells are cultured and are used to determine chromosomal abnormalities (Down's syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome, etc.) and metabolic disorders (phenylketonuria, sickle cell anaemia, etc.) of the foetus. But now-a-days instead of positive uses of amniocentesis it is being used for female foeticide. Sex of the foetus is determined using amniocentesis and then if it turns out to been a female one, foetus is aborted. That is why amniocentesis has been banned in India.
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Concepts Used:

Human Reproduction

Reproduction in human beings involves the fusion of male and female gametes that produces in their reproductive system.

Male Reproductive System:

The male reproductive system comprises:

  • Testicles (testes): A pair of oval-shaped organs masked in a pouch known as the scrotum. They manage the production of sperms and the male hormone testosterone.
  • Scrotum: It is a sac-like organ that hangs under the penis and behind it. It is the house of the testes, or testicles, and maintains a temperature that is needed for the production of sperm by it.
  • Vas deferens: The sperms produced in testes are stored in a tube known as the epididymis. Here the sperms get matured and pass to the urethra via the muscular tube known as vas deferens.
  • Accessory glands: This includes three glands, namely the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and Cowper’s gland. The secretions from the mentioned three glands mix to form a fluid known as semen. Semen nourishes the sperm, raises the volume, and helps in lubrication.
  • Penis: The penis is a cylindrical tube that serves as both an excretory organ, and a reproductive organ. It transfers sperms into the vagina during sexual intercourse.

Female Reproductive System:

The female reproductive system is active before, during, and after fertilization as well. It comprises the following parts:

  • A pair of ovaries: A pair of ovaries produce and stores ovum in them. They also produce a female hormone known to be estrogen.
  • Fallopian tubes (Oviducts): They are the area of fertilization. They connect both the ovaries with the uterus.
  • Uterus: Uterus is the place of development for the embryo.
  • Vagina: The part that connects the cervix to the external female body parts is called a vagina. It is the passage for the penis during coitus as well as a fetus during transfer.