Question

No national productivity measures are available for underground industries that may exist but remain unreported. On the other hand, at least some industries that are run entirely by self - employed industrialists are included in national productivity measures. From the information given above, it can be validly concluded that

• A. there are at least some industries run entirely by self - employed industrialists that are underground industries
• B. no industries that are run entirely by self - employed industrialists operate underground.
• C. there are at least some industries other than those run entirely by self - employed industrialists that are underground industries.
• D. there are at least some industries run entirely by self - employed industrialists that are not underground industries

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

To solve this logical reasoning problem, we need to analyze the information given and draw a valid conclusion. The premises are: 1) No national productivity measures exist for underground industries that remain unreported. 2) Some industries run entirely by self-employed industrialists are included in national productivity measures. Let's break this down to reach a conclusion: 

• Premise 1: If an industry is underground and unreported, it is not included in national productivity measures.
• Premise 2: Some industries run entirely by self-employed industrialists are included in national productivity measures. This means these industries are not underground and unreported since they are accounted for in the measures.

Considering these premises, we can conclude:

• Since some industries run by self-employed industrialists are included in national productivity measures, these specific industries are not operating underground. Hence, there are industries run entirely by self-employed industrialists that are part of national productivity statistics and are not underground.

Therefore, the valid conclusion is: there are at least some industries run entirely by self-employed industrialists that are not underground industries.