Question

Name the term used for the materials which cannot be broken down by biological processes. Give two ways by which they harm various components of an ecosystem.

Answer 1

Step 1: Identify the term
The materials which cannot be broken down by biological processes such as the action of bacteria, fungi, or other decomposers are called non-biodegradable materials.
Examples include plastic, synthetic fibers, and metals like aluminum foil.

Step 2: Meaning of non-biodegradable materials
Non-biodegradable materials are substances that do not decompose naturally in the environment through the action of microbes. They remain unchanged for hundreds or even thousands of years.

Step 3: How they harm various components of an ecosystem
Non-biodegradable materials cause harm to the environment in multiple ways. Two major harmful effects include:

1. Soil and water pollution:
- When plastics and synthetic chemicals are dumped into soil or water bodies, they accumulate and pollute these natural resources.
- This pollution reduces soil fertility and contaminates groundwater, affecting plant and animal life.

2. Harm to animals and marine life:
- Animals often mistake plastic waste for food. Ingesting it can cause internal injuries, choking, or even death.
- Marine animals such as turtles and fish are severely impacted by floating plastic waste, leading to a decline in biodiversity.

Step 4: Conclusion
The term used for such substances is non-biodegradable materials. They harm the ecosystem by polluting soil and water and by endangering animal and marine life through ingestion and entanglement.