Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
If the expenditure on food and entertainment is increased by 10% due to inflation in prices, what will be the new percentage of savings in the same monthly salary?
- 0.084
- 0.086
- 0.088
- 0.0875
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
To determine the new percentage of savings when the expenditure on food and entertainment increases by 10%, let's analyze Mr. Das's financial data:
Monthly Salary Calculation:
1. Base Salary = Rs. 9228
2. House Rent Allowance (HRA) = 10% of Base Salary = 0.10 × 9228 = Rs. 922.80
Total Monthly Income = Base Salary + HRA = 9228 + 922.80 = Rs. 10150.80
Expenditure Before Inflation:
- Food = 25% of Total Income = 0.25 × 10150.80 = Rs. 2537.70
- Entertainment = 9% of Total Income = 0.09 × 10150.80 = Rs. 913.57
- House Rent = 18% of Total Income = Rs. 1827.14
- Education = 23% of Total Income = Rs. 2334.68
- Medical = 13% of Total Income = Rs. 1319.60
- Savings = 12% of Total Income = Rs. 1218.10
Total Expenditure Before Inflation:
Total = Food + Entertainment + House Rent + Education + Medical = 2537.70 + 913.57 + 1827.14 + 2334.68 + 1319.60 = Rs. 8932.69
Total Savings Before Inflation = Rs. 10150.80 - Rs. 8932.69 = Rs. 1218.10
Expenditure After 10% Inflation in Food and Entertainment:
- Food = 2537.70 × 1.10 = Rs. 2791.47
- Entertainment = 913.57 × 1.10 = Rs. 1004.93
Total Expenditure After Inflation:
New Total = Food + Entertainment + House Rent + Education + Medical = 2791.47 + 1004.93 + 1827.14 + 2334.68 + 1319.60 = Rs. 9277.82
Total Savings After Inflation = Rs. 10150.80 - Rs. 9277.82 = Rs. 872.98
New Percentage of Savings:
Percentage = (Savings After Inflation / Total Monthly Income) × 100 = (872.98 / 10150.80) × 100 = 0.086 ≈ 8.6%
How much total money has he spent on food and entertainment?
- Rs. 3541/-
- Rs. 3461/-
- Rs. 3571/-
- None of the above
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
- Salary: Rs. 9228/-
- House Rent Allowance (10% of salary): Rs. 9228 × 10% = Rs. 922.8/-
- Food Expenses: 25% of Total Income = 10150.8 × 25% = Rs. 2537.7/-
- Entertainment Expenses: 9% of Total Income = 10150.8 × 9% = Rs. 913.572/-
How much money does Mr. Das pay as the house-rent?
- Rs. 1827/-
- Rs. 1661/-
- Rs. 1783/-
- Rs. 1935/-
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
- Salary: Rs. 9228
- House Rent Allowance (HRA): 10% of Rs. 9228 = Rs. 922.8
- Total monthly income = Rs. 9228 + Rs. 922.8 = Rs. 10150.8
- House Rent = 18% of Rs. 10150.8
- House Rent = 0.18 × Rs. 10150.8 = Rs. 1827.144
If Mr. Das gets 12% annual interest on the savings and he wishes to save Rs. 30,000/- in two years period, how much extra should he save in the next year?
- Rs. 1200/-
- Rs. 1300/-
- Rs. 1400/-
- There is no need for saving
The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
To solve this problem, we need to determine how much extra Mr. Das should save next year to ensure he accumulates Rs. 30,000/- at the end of two years, given a 12% annual interest on savings.
His goal is to save Rs. 30,000/- in 2 years. Let the amount he saves in the first year be denoted as \( P \).
At the end of the first year, the amount will grow due to interest:
\( \text{Amount after 1 year} = P + 0.12P = 1.12P \)
At the beginning of the second year, he saves an additional amount \( X \).
At the end of the second year, both the first year's savings with interest and the additional savings \( X \) will grow by 12% interest:
\( \text{Final amount} = 1.12P \times 1.12 + X \times 1.12 = 1.2544P + 1.12X \)
Since he needs Rs. 30,000/- at the end of 2 years, we set up the equation:
\( 1.2544P + 1.12X = 30,000 \)
To find \( P \), consider Mr. Das's monthly savings. He saves 12% of his monthly income.
Total monthly income = Salary + House Rent Allowance (10% of salary):
\( 9228 + 0.10 \times 9228 = 9228 + 922.8 = Rs. 10150.8 \)
Monthly savings = 12% of Rs. 10150.8 = \( 0.12 \times 10150.8 = Rs. 1218.10 \)
Yearly savings = \( 12 \times 1218.10 = Rs. 14617.20 \). This is \( P \).
Substitute \( P = 14617.20 \) into the main equation:
\( 1.2544 \times 14617.20 + 1.12X = 30,000 \)
Simplify the left side:
\( 18333.76 + 1.12X = 30,000 \)
Solve for \( X \):
\( 1.12X = 30,000 - 18333.76 = 11666.24 \)
\( X = 11666.24 / 1.12 \)
\( X \approx 10417.25 \)
Since Mr. Das already saves Rs. 14617.20 per year, he needs to save an additional amount \( A = 10417.25 - 14617.20 \) next year.
\( A \approx Rs. 1400 \)
Thus, Mr. Das should save an additional Rs. 1400/- in the next year.
Which of the following is true regarding the home budget of Mr. Das?
- The total amount spent on house-rent, entertainment and education is greater than the total amount spent on food expenses, medical expenses and savings
- The total amount spent on entertainment, medical expenses and education is equal to the total amount spent on house-rent, food expenses and savings
- The total amount spent on savings, medical expenses and education is less than the total amount spent on house-rent, food expenses and entertainment
- None of the above
The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
To determine the correct statement regarding Mr. Das's home budget, we need to calculate the total amounts allocated to different expense categories based on the percentages given.
- The total monthly income of Mr. Das includes his salary and house rent allowance. The salary is Rs. 9228. The house rent allowance is 10% of the salary: 0.10 x 9228 = Rs. 922.80. Therefore, the total monthly income is: 9228 + 922.80 = Rs. 10150.80.
- Next, we calculate the monetary value of each expense based on the given percentages:
- Food expenses = 25% of total income: 0.25 x 10150.80 = Rs. 2537.70
- House-rent = 18% of total income: 0.18 x 10150.80 = Rs. 1827.14
- Entertainment = 9% of total income: 0.09 x 10150.80 = Rs. 913.57
- Education = 23% of total income: 0.23 x 10150.80 = Rs. 2334.68
- Medical expenses = 13% of total income: 0.13 x 10150.80 = Rs. 1319.60
- Savings = 12% of total income: 0.12 x 10150.80 = Rs. 1218.10
Now, let's compare the sums required in the options:
- The amount spent on savings, medical expenses, and education is: 1218.10 + 1319.60 + 2334.68 = Rs. 4872.38
- The amount spent on house-rent, food expenses, and entertainment is: 1827.14 + 2537.70 + 913.57 = Rs. 5278.41
Comparing these two sums: 4872.38 is less than 5278.41. Therefore, the correct statement is:
The total amount spent on savings, medical expenses and education is less than the total amount spent on house-rent, food expenses and entertainment.
How much money remains for other expenses after the house-rent and savings?
- Rs. 7061/-
- Rs. 7601/-
- Rs. 7106/-
- Rs. 7016/-
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
- House Rent Expense: 18% of Total Income = 0.18 × 10150.80 = Rs. 1827.14
- Savings: 12% of Total Income = 0.12 × 10150.80 = Rs. 1218.10
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From a very early age, I knew that when I grew up, I should be a writer. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and holding conversations with imaginary persons, and I think from the very start my literary ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created a sort of private world in which I could get my own back for my failure in everyday life. I wanted to write enormous naturalistic novels with unhappy endings, full of detailed descriptions and arresting similes, and also full of purple passages in which words were used partly for the sake of their sound. I give all this background information because I do not think one can assess a writer's motives without knowing something of his early development.
His subject-matter will be determined by the age he lives in — at least this is true in tumultuous, revolutionary ages like our own — but before he ever begins to write he will have acquired an emotional attitude from which he will never completely escape. It is his job to discipline his temperament, but if he escapes from his early influences altogether, he will have killed his impulse to write. I think there are four great motives for writing, at any rate for writing prose. They are: (i) Sheer egoism: Desire to seem clever, to be talked about, to be remembered after death, to get your own back on grown-ups who snubbed you in childhood; (ii) Aesthetic enthusiasm: Desire to share an experience which one feels is valuable and ought not to be missed (iii) Historical impulse: Desire to see things as they are, to find out true facts and store them up for the use of posterity (iv) Political purpose: Desire to push the world in a certain direction, to alter other people's idea of the kind of society that they should strive after.
[Extracted with edits from George Orwell's "Why I Write"]- CLAT - 2025
- Reading Comprehension
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(Extract with edits from "The right kind of Education" by J. Krishna Murti)- CLAT - 2025
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We want that education by which character is formed, strength of mind is increased, the intellect is expanded and by which one can stand on one's own feet. What we need to study independent of foreign control, different branches of the knowledge that is our own, and with it the English language and Western science; we need technical education and all else that will develop industries so that men instead of seeking for service may earn enough to provide for themselves and save against a rainy day. The end of all education, all training, should be man-making. The end and aim of all training are to make the man grow. The training by which the current expression of will are brought under control and become fruitful, is called education. What our country now wants are muscles of iron and nerves of steel, gigantic wills, which nothing can resist, which can penetrate into the mysteries and secrets of the universe and will accomplish their purpose in any fashion, even if it meant going down to the bottom of the ocean, meeting death face to face.
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[Extracted with edits from "Education" by Swami Vivekananda]- CLAT - 2025
- Reading Comprehension
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(Extracted with edits from "An Astrologer's Day" by R.K. Narayan)- CLAT - 2025
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In a 2012 article 'Holding Up Half the Sky: Reservations for Women in India', Rudolf C Heredia breaks down the common misconceptions that cloud our understanding of women's political participation- "When women do attain a national leadership role it is often because they have inherited the mantle from their fathers ophusbands, rather than as persons in their own right and are then projected as matriarchs, part of the joint family, complementary to the patriarchy rather than a challenge to it."
In 'Equality versus Empowerment: Women in Indian Legislature', 2023, Soumya Bhowmick makes the case for going a step beyond quotas, and to turn our attention to the complexities that shape women's agency in the country. This, he argues, would require a bottoms-up approach, rather than merely handing out reservations in a top-down manner. "In a country like India with a considerably large heterogeneous population, the dissemination of legislative power would be insufficient to protect the interests of minority groups such as women, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes." He concludes that "implementing the idea of reservation for women would bring about descriptive representation, but its transformation into substantive representation would depend on the change in the attitudes of the people."
While the reservation of one-third of seats for women belonging to the scheduled castes and tribes under the amendment to article 330a and 332 of the constitution is a welcome step, it remains to be seen whether it fully acknowledges the complex interplay of hierarchies, socio-political relationships which also affect the extent and nature of complications that surround effective realisation of women's politics for Indian politics to emerge as a truly emancipatory space.- CLAT - 2025
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