Question:

Movement among cells against concentration gradient is called :

Updated On: Jul 11, 2024
  • osmosis
  • active transport
  • diffusion
  • passive transport
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

The movement across the plasma membrane is of two types i.e., active transport and passive transport. Active transport uses specific transporter proteins called pumps which use metabolic energy (ATP) to move ions or molecules against the concentration gradient. In passive transport an ion or molecule crossing a membrane moves down its electrochemical or concentration gradient. It is of two type. [a] Osmosis: The process by which the water molecules pass through a membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration is known as osmosis. [b] Diffusion: The movement of particles of different substances from the region of their higher concentration to region of their lower concentration is called diffusion.
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Concepts Used:

Active Transport

Active transport is a type of cellular transport in which molecules (such as glucose, ions, and amino acids) are transferred across a biological membrane to a place where there are already enough of them. As a result, molecules are moved across concentration gradients using chemical energy (for instance, ATP). Root hair cells and the small intestine wall are persistent active transport sites (villi).

Types of Active Transport:

There are two types of active transportation mechanisms such as;

Primary Active Transport

  1. The sodium-potassium pump, which transports Na+ and K+ into animal cells, is one of the most necessary pumps.
  2. The transport process is assorted as primary active transport since it uses ATP as an energy source.
  3. Also, there are the types of Primary Active Transporters:
    • P-ATPase: sodium-potassium pump, calcium pump, proton pump
    • F-ATPase: mitochondrial ATP synthase, chloroplast ATP synthase
    • V-ATPase: vacuolar ATPase
    • ABC Transporter (ATP binding tape): MDR, CFTR, and so on.

Secondary Active Transport

  1. Primary active transport creates electrochemical gradients that store energy that can be released as the ions plunged their gradients.
  2. Secondary active transport harnesses the energy stored in these gradients to move other substances in the opposite direction of their own gradients.