Question:

Mongolian Idiocy due to trisomy in 21st chromsome is called

Updated On: Jul 28, 2022
  • Down's syndrome
  • Turner's syndrome
  • Klinefelter's syndrome
  • Triple X syndrome.
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Solution and Explanation

Down's syndrome (Mongolian Idiocy, Mongolism) is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome number 21. The infant has a characteristic ; face with a flat nasal bridge, brushfield spots, protuding tongue, small ears and cardiac lesions. All affected children have mental retardation (moderate), short stature and autoimmune abnormalities. All males are infertile and females have reduced fertility. Sickle cell anaemia is not a sex linked (i.e., X linked) disease but an autosomally inherited recessive trait. Hemophilia is X-linked but not holandric/Y-linked. Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disease due to absence of neurotransmitter substance ''dopamine" from brain. It is not at all hereditary.
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Concepts Used:

Non-Mendelian Genetics

The term - non-mendelian inheritance refers to any pattern of heredity in which features do not separate according to Mendel's laws. These principles describe how features linked with single genes on chromosomes in the nucleus are passed down through generations.

Types of Non-Mendelian Inheritance

Codominance Inheritance

It is a form of incomplete dominance in which both alleles for the same feature are expressed in the heterozygote at the same time. For example, the MN blood types of humans.

Incomplete Dominance

In a heterozygote, the dominant allele does not always completely cover the phenotypic expression of the recessive gene, resulting in an intermediate phenotype which is referred to as "incomplete dominance”.