Question:

Mn and Mp represet the mass of neutron and proton respectively. An element having mass M has N neutron and Z-protons, then the correct relation will be 

Updated On: Apr 7, 2024

  • M < {N.Mn + Z.Mp}M < {N.Mn + Z.Mp}

  •  M > {N.Mn + Z.Mp}

  • M = {N.Mn+Z.Mp}

  • M=N{Mn + Mp}

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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

The correct option is(A): M < {N.Mn + Z.Mp}.
The mass of a neutron is denoted as Mn, and the mass of a proton is denoted as Mp. It's a well-established fact that the atomic mass (M) of any stable nucleus is consistently lower than the combined masses of its constituent particles:
M < {N.Mn + Z.Mp}
Here, N represents the number of neutrons, Z represents the number of protons, and Mn and Mp are the masses of neutrons and protons, respectively.
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Concepts Used:

Structure of Atom

Atomic Structure:

The atomic structure of an element refers to the constitution of its nucleus and the arrangement of the electrons around it. Primarily, the atomic structure of matter is made up of protons, electrons and neutrons.

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Dalton proposed that every matter is composed of atoms that are indivisible and indestructible. 

The following are the postulates of his theory:

  • Every matter is made up of atoms.
  • Atoms are indivisible.
  • Specific elements have only one type of atoms in them.
  • Each atom has its own constant mass that varies from element to element.
  • Atoms undergo rearrangement during a chemical reaction.
  • Atoms can neither be created nor be destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another.

Cons of Dalton’s Atomic Theory

  • The theory was unable to explain the existence of isotopes.
  • Nothing about the structure of atom was appropriately explained.
  • Later, the scientists discovered particles inside the atom that proved, the atoms are divisible.

​​Subatomic Particles

  1. Protons - are positively charged subatomic particles.
  2. Electron - are negatively  charged subatomic particles.
  3. Neutrons - are electrically neutral particles and carry no charge

Atomic Structure of Isotopes

Several atomic structures of an element can exist, which differ in the total number of nucleons.These variants of elements having a different nucleon number (also known as the mass number) are called isotopes of the element. Therefore, the isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons.  For example, there exist three known naturally occurring isotopes of hydrogen, namely, protium, deuterium, and tritium.