Question

Mention the events related to the following historical dates:
(i) 563 B.C.
(ii) 527 B.C.
(iii) 305 B.C.
(iv) 78 A.D.
(v) 319 A.D.
(vi) 380 A.D.
(vii) 712 A.D.
(viii) 1540 A.D.
(ix) 1565 A.D.
(x) 1885 A.D.

Hint:

For date-based questions, creating a timeline is the most effective study method. Group dates by era (Ancient, Medieval, Modern) and associate each date with a key person, event, and its significance to build a strong memory link.

Answer 1

The events related to the given historical dates are as follows:


[(i)] 563 B.C.: The birth of Gautama Buddha at Lumbini, Nepal.
[(ii)] 527 B.C.: The traditional year of the Nirvana (death) of Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism, at Pavapuri in Bihar.
[(iii)] 305 B.C.: The Seleucid–Mauryan war, where Chandragupta Maurya defeated Seleucus I Nicator. The conflict ended with a treaty where Seleucus ceded territories to the Mauryan Empire.
[(iv)] 78 A.D.: The beginning of the Saka Era, which is widely associated with the accession of the Kushan emperor Kanishka the Great.
[(v)] 319 A.D.: The beginning of the Gupta Era, marking the accession of Chandragupta I as the first Maharajadhiraja (king of kings) of the Gupta Dynasty.
[(vi)] 380 A.D.: The accession of Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya) to the Gupta throne. His reign is often considered the golden age of the Gupta Empire.
[(vii)] 712 A.D.: The invasion of Sindh by the Arab general Muhammad bin Qasim, leading to the establishment of Arab rule in the region.
[(viii)] 1540 A.D.: The Battle of Kannauj, where Sher Shah Suri defeated the Mughal emperor Humayun, forcing him into exile and establishing the Sur Empire.
[(ix)] 1565 A.D.: The Battle of Talikota, where an alliance of the Deccan Sultanates decisively defeated the Vijayanagara Empire, leading to its decline.
[(x)] 1885 A.D.: The formation of the Indian National Congress (INC) in Bombay, which became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement.