Question

Mention four features of the Constitution of India.

Hint:

When asked for features of the Indian Constitution, try to pick distinct categories. Good choices include its structure (lengthiest, federal/unitary), form of government (parliamentary), citizen's rights (Fundamental Rights), and guiding principles (Directive Principles).

Answer 1

The Constitution of India is a unique document with several distinguishing features. Four prominent features are: \begin{enumerate} \item Lengthiest Written Constitution: The Indian Constitution is the most detailed and comprehensive of all the written constitutions in the world. Originally, it contained 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules; it has grown significantly since then through amendments. Its bulk is due to factors like the country's vast geography and diversity, the influence of the Government of India Act of 1935, and having a single constitution for both the Centre and the states. \item Federal System with Unitary Bias: The Constitution establishes a federal structure of government with a dual polity (Centre and States) and a division of powers. However, it also contains strong unitary (non-federal) features, such as a strong central government, a single constitution, single citizenship, an integrated judiciary, and the appointment of state governors by the Centre. This unique blend leads experts to describe it as a 'quasi-federal' system. \item Parliamentary Form of Government: India has adopted the British parliamentary system of government, both at the Centre and in the states. This system is based on the principle of cooperation and coordination between the legislative and executive organs. Its key features include the presence of a nominal head of state (President) and a real executive (Prime Minister and Council of Ministers), collective responsibility of the executive to the legislature, and majority party rule. \item Fundamental Rights: Part III of the Constitution guarantees six fundamental rights to all citizens. These rights are justiciable, meaning citizens can go to the courts for their enforcement if they are violated. They include the Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Right against Exploitation, Right to Freedom of Religion, Cultural and Educational Rights, and the Right to Constitutional Remedies. They are essential for the political, moral, and spiritual development of individuals and aim to promote political democracy. \end{enumerate}