Match the seismic discontinuity in Group I with their occurrence in Earth's interior in Group II.
\[\begin{array}{|l|l|} \hline \textbf{Group I} & \textbf{Group II} \\ \hline \text{P. Conrad} & \text{1. Between lower mantle and outer core} \\ \hline \text{Q. Mohorovičić} & \text{2. Between crust and upper mantle} \\ \hline \text{R. Gutenberg} & \text{3. Between inner and outer core} \\ \hline \text{S. Lehmann} & \text{4. Between lower and upper crust} \\ \hline \end{array}\]
Step 1: Identifying the seismic discontinuities and their occurrences.
- The Conrad discontinuity is located between the lower and upper crust.
- The Mohorovičić (Moho) discontinuity is located between the crust and upper mantle.
- The Gutenberg discontinuity is located between the lower mantle and outer core.
- The Lehmann discontinuity is located between the inner and outer core.
Step 2: Analyzing the options.
(A) P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3: Correct — This matches the seismic discontinuities with their corresponding locations in the Earth's interior.
(B) P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1: Incorrect.
(C) P-3, Q-2, R-4, S-1: Incorrect.
(D) P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-3: Incorrect.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (A) P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3, matching the seismic discontinuities with their corresponding positions in Earth's interior.
A magma having density of 2900 kg m\(^-3\) just reaches the surface through a two-layered crust as shown in the figure below. Assuming isostatic equilibrium, its depth of melting is .......... km. (Round off to one decimal place) 
Suppose a mountain at location A is in isostatic equilibrium with a column at location B, which is at sea-level, as shown in the figure. The height of the mountain is 4 km and the thickness of the crust at B is 1 km. Given that the densities of crust and mantle are 2700 kg/m\(^3\) and 3300 kg/m\(^3\), respectively, the thickness of the mountain root (r1) is km. (Answer in integer)


Two boreholes A and B, both inclined towards 270°, penetrate a dipping coal bed at the same point and pass through it entirely in the sub-surface as shown in the figure below. The bed dips towards 270°. The thickness of the coal bed, measured along the borehole A is 10 m and along borehole B is 8 m. The angle between the two boreholes is 20°. The orthogonal thickness \( x \) of the coal bed is ........ m. (Round off to one decimal place) 
A well-developed succession of laminated shale is bound by two volcanic ash beds that were precisely dated as shown in the schematic diagram given below. Assuming a constant sedimentation rate, the age of the fossiliferous limestone bed 65 m above the basal volcanic ash bed is ............ Ma. (Round off to nearest integer) 
The data tabulated below are for flooding events in the last 400 years.
The probability of a large flood accompanied by a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) in 2025 is ........... \(\times 10^{-3}\). (Round off to one decimal place)
| Year | Flood Size | Magnitude rank |
|---|---|---|
| 1625 | Large | 2 |
| 1658 | Large + GLOF | 1 |
| 1692 | Small | 4 |
| 1704 | Large | 2 |
| 1767 | Large | 2 |
| 1806 | Small | 4 |
| 1872 | Large + GLOF | 1 |
| 1909 | Large | 2 |
| 1932 | Large | 2 |
| 1966 | Medium | 3 |
| 2023 | Large + GLOF | 1 |
A satellite launching vehicle is carrying a lander for Moon mapping.
As shown in the figure below, P is the position where the gravitational forces exerted by Earth and Moon on the vehicle balance out.
The distance \( P \) from the center of the Earth is ........... \(\times 10^5\) km. (Round off to two decimal places)
The isobaric temperature-composition (T–X) phase diagram given below shows the phase relation between components M and N. The equilibrium melting undergone by the rock R to generate the liquid of composition L is .............. % (In integer )