Question

Match List-I with List-II:

List-I ( Types of hybridisation )		List-II ( Distribution of hybrid orbitals in space )
A	sp$^3$	(I)	Trigonal bipyramidal
B	dsp$^2$	(II)	Octahedral
C	sp$^3$d	(III)	Tetrahedral
D	sp$^3$d$^2$	(IV)	Square Planar

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
• B. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
• C. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
• D. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

The correct matches are: sp$^3$ hybridization corresponds to a tetrahedral arrangement (III), dsp$^2$ corresponds to a square planar arrangement (IV), sp$^3$d corresponds to a trigonal bipyramidal geometry (I), and sp$^3$d$^2$ corresponds to an octahedral geometry (II). These arrangements are based on the number of bonding and lone pairs around the central atom.

Answer 2

The correct matches are:

• sp^3 hybridization corresponds to a tetrahedral arrangement (III).
• dsp^2 corresponds to a square planar arrangement (IV).
• sp^3d corresponds to a trigonal bipyramidal geometry (I).
• sp^3d^2 corresponds to an octahedral geometry (II).

These arrangements are based on the number of bonding and lone pairs around the central atom. The geometry is influenced by the concept of VSEPR theory (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory), which states that electron pairs around a central atom arrange themselves to minimize repulsion, leading to specific molecular shapes.

For example:

• sp^3 hybridization leads to a tetrahedral shape because four electron pairs (either bonding or lone pairs) surround the central atom, which results in a 109.5° bond angle.
• dsp^2 hybridization typically results in a square planar geometry, where the electron pairs arrange themselves in a flat plane, with 90° angles between them.
• sp^3d hybridization produces a trigonal bipyramidal geometry, with five electron pairs around the central atom, positioned in equatorial and axial positions.
• sp^3d^2 hybridization forms an octahedral shape, where six electron pairs are arranged around the central atom, creating 90° bond angles.