Match List -I with List -II
List - I List -II a Isothermal i Pressure constant b Isobaric ii Temperature constant c Adiabatic iii Volume constant d Isobaric iv Heat content is constant
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
Match List -I with List -II
| List - I | List -II | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| a | Isothermal | i | Pressure constant |
| b | Isobaric | ii | Temperature constant |
| c | Adiabatic | iii | Volume constant |
| d | Isobaric | iv | Heat content is constant |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
- $(a) \to (i), (b) \to (iii), (c) \to (ii), (d) \to (iv)$
- $(a) \to (ii), (b) \to (iii), (c) \to (iv), (d) \to (i)$
- $(a) \to (ii), (b) \to (iv), (c) \to (iii), (d) \to (i)$
- $(a) \to (iii), (b) \to (ii), (c) \to (i), (d) \to (iv)$
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
This is a matching type question where we need to correctly associate thermodynamic processes with their corresponding properties from two lists.
Let's understand the thermodynamic processes provided in List - I:
- Isothermal Process: In an isothermal process, the temperature remains constant. This means that \(dT = 0\).
- Isobaric Process: In an isobaric process, the pressure remains constant. This means that \(dP = 0\).
- Adiabatic Process: In an adiabatic process, no heat is exchanged with the surroundings, keeping the heat content constant. This implies \(dQ = 0\).
Now, List - II describes the properties of these processes:
- Pressure Constant: Refers to an isobaric process where pressure does not change.
- Temperature Constant: Implies an isothermal process where the temperature stays constant.
- Volume Constant: This is characteristic of an isochoric process, which is not listed here, so it must relate to another as a distractor.
- Heat Content Constant: This describes an adiabatic process where no heat is exchanged.
By matching List - I with List - II using our knowledge of these processes:
- (a) Isothermal matches with (ii) Temperature constant.
- (b) Isobaric matches with (i) Pressure constant.
- (c) Adiabatic matches with (iv) Heat content is constant.
The correct combinations according to the given lists and the properties involved are:
- (a) Isothermal → (ii) Temperature constant
- (b) Isobaric → (i) Pressure constant
- (c) Adiabatic → (iv) Heat content is constant
Thus, the correct option is \((a) \to (ii), (b) \to (iii), (c) \to (iv), (d) \to (i)\).
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Concepts Used:
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics in physics is a branch that deals with heat, work and temperature, and their relation to energy, radiation and physical properties of matter.
Important Terms
System
A thermodynamic system is a specific portion of matter with a definite boundary on which our attention is focused. The system boundary may be real or imaginary, fixed or deformable.
There are three types of systems:
- Isolated System – An isolated system cannot exchange both energy and mass with its surroundings. The universe is considered an isolated system.
- Closed System – Across the boundary of the closed system, the transfer of energy takes place but the transfer of mass doesn’t take place. Refrigerators and compression of gas in the piston-cylinder assembly are examples of closed systems.
- Open System – In an open system, the mass and energy both may be transferred between the system and surroundings. A steam turbine is an example of an open system.
Thermodynamic Process
A system undergoes a thermodynamic process when there is some energetic change within the system that is associated with changes in pressure, volume and internal energy.
There are four types of thermodynamic process that have their unique properties, and they are:
- Adiabatic Process – A process in which no heat transfer takes place.
- Isochoric Process – A thermodynamic process taking place at constant volume is known as the isochoric process.
- Isobaric Process – A process in which no change in pressure occurs.
- Isothermal Process – A process in which no change in temperature occurs.
Laws of Thermodynamics
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
The Zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two bodies are individually in equilibrium with a separate third body, then the first two bodies are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.
First Law of Thermodynamics
The First law of thermodynamics is a version of the law of conservation of energy, adapted for thermodynamic processes, distinguishing three kinds of transfer of energy, as heat, as thermodynamic work, and as energy associated with matter transfer, and relating them to a function of a body's state, called internal energy.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
The Second law of thermodynamics is a physical law of thermodynamics about heat and loss in its conversion.
Third Law of Thermodynamics
Third law of thermodynamics states, regarding the properties of closed systems in thermodynamic equilibrium: The entropy of a system approaches a constant value when its temperature approaches absolute zero.