Net primary productivity (A): Measured in \( gC/\text{area}/\text{year} \), as it represents the carbon fixed by plants in a given area over time.
Absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (B): Measured in \( \text{Joules}/\text{area}/\text{year} \), reflecting the energy absorbed by plants for photosynthesis.
Phosphorus (C): Measured in \( g/L \), representing its concentration in a solution.
Plant biomass (D): Measured in \( g/m^2 \), representing the total mass of living plant matter per unit area.