Question

Match List-I with List-II

List-I (Concept)	List-II (Example)
(A) Sanskritisation	(I) Dalit groups adopting the use of fork and spoons.
(B) Westernisation	(II) Dalit groups adopting the practice of dowry.
(C) Modernisation	(III) Public advertisements for jobs stating qualification only.
(D) Secularisation	(IV) Public holidays for festivals of all religions.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• (A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (I)
• (A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
• (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)

Hint:

In sociology-based matching questions, first define each term in your mind. Then, carefully analyze each example to see which definition it fits best. Differentiate clearly between Westernisation (adopting Western culture) and Modernisation (adopting rational, scientific, and meritocratic principles).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concepts
This question requires understanding four key sociological concepts related to social change in India.
Sanskritisation: A process where lower castes or tribes adopt the customs, rituals, and lifestyle of higher castes to improve their social status.
Westernisation: The adoption of Western cultural traits, values, and practices (like dress, food habits, language, etc.).
Modernisation: A process of societal transformation involving industrialization, urbanization, rational thinking, and the development of institutions based on meritocracy and efficiency.
Secularisation: The process where religious institutions, beliefs, and practices lose their social significance and influence. It implies a separation of state from religious institutions.
Step 2: Matching Concepts with Examples
Let's analyze each example and match it to the correct concept:
(A) Sanskritisation: The practice of dowry was traditionally more prevalent among upper castes. When Dalit groups adopt this practice, they are emulating a custom of a higher social group. This is a clear example of Sanskritisation.
Therefore, (A) matches with (II).
(B) Westernisation: The use of forks and spoons is a dining etiquette that originated in the West. When Dalit groups adopt this practice, it is an instance of adopting a Western cultural trait.
Therefore, (B) matches with (I).
(C) Modernisation: Advertising jobs based solely on qualifications signifies a shift towards a merit-based, rational system, which is a core tenet of modernisation. It moves away from traditional criteria like caste or family connections.
Therefore, (C) matches with (III).
(D) Secularisation: A state that declares public holidays for festivals of all major religions demonstrates neutrality and equal respect for all faiths. This is a characteristic of a secular state.
Therefore, (D) matches with (IV).
Step 3: Final Answer
Based on the matching above, the correct combination is (A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV). This corresponds to option (2).