Question

Match LIST-I with LIST-II:\[\begin{array}{|c|l|l|} \hline \textbf{LIST-I (Type of footing/foundation)} & & \textbf{LIST-II (Suitability)} \\ \hline \text{A. Spread footings} & & \text{II. Up to 3 m black cotton soil followed by medium dense sand} \\ \hline \text{B. Friction piles} & & \text{IV. Loose sand extending to great depth} \\ \hline \text{C. Raft foundation} & & \text{I. Soft clay for 10 m followed by hard rock stratum} \\ \hline \text{D. End bearing piles} & & \text{III. Compact sand deposit extending to great depth} \\ \hline \end{array}\] Choose the most appropriate match from the options given below:

• A. A - IV, B - I, C - III, D - II
• B. A - III, B - IV, C - II, D - I
• C. A - II, B - IV, C - III, D - I
• D. A - III, B - I, C - II, D - IV

Hint:

Always match foundation type to soil profile: Spread = shallow firm support, Raft = large area coverage, Friction piles = loose deep soils, End bearing piles = weak top over strong stratum.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Recall purpose of each foundation type.
- (A) Spread footings: Suitable when a thin weak soil layer (like black cotton soil up to 3 m) overlies stronger soil $\Rightarrow$ II.
- (B) Friction piles: Suitable for loose sand extending to depth, where load is resisted by skin friction $\Rightarrow$ IV.
- (C) Raft foundation: Suitable for compact sand deposits extending to depth $\Rightarrow$ III.
- (D) End bearing piles: Suitable when soft clay overlies hard rock stratum $\Rightarrow$ I.

Step 2: Conclusion.
Correct match: $A \to II, \; B \to IV, \; C \to III, \; D \to I$.