Question

Lowry's model of Metropolis (1964) includes two \underline{\hspace{2cm}} spatial interaction models.

• A. Singly constrained
• B. Doubly constrained
• C. Unconstrained
• D. Triply constrained

Hint:

In spatial modeling: - Triply constrained = rare and complex.
- Doubly constrained = most widely used in urban planning models.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: About Lowry's model (1964).
Lowry's model of Metropolis was a pioneering attempt in urban planning to link land use and transport. It connects employment centers, residential areas, and service centers through a feedback process.

Step 2: Use of the gravity model.
The model uses the gravity interaction principle, where interaction between zones is proportional to their size (population, employment) and inversely proportional to distance.

Step 3: Constrained gravity models.
- Singly constrained model: Only one side (origin or destination) is fixed.
- Doubly constrained model: Both origin totals and destination totals are fixed, making it more realistic. Lowry's model uses two doubly constrained spatial interaction models – one for residential distribution and one for service location.

Step 4: Conclusion.
Therefore, the correct answer is doubly constrained. \[ \boxed{\text{Doubly constrained spatial interaction models}} \] % Quicktip