Lippes loop is a type of contraceptive device known as a Non-Medicated Intrauterine Device (IUD). This device is inserted into the uterus and provides long-term contraception by creating an environment that is inhospitable for sperm, thereby preventing fertilization.
Unlike Copper releasing IUDs, which actively release copper to enhance contraceptive efficacy, Non-Medicated IUDs like Lippes loop function purely through their physical presence and shape in the uterus.
| Contraceptive Type | Characteristics |
|---|---|
| Cervical Barrier | Blocks sperm entry by covering the cervix. |
| Vault Barrier | Not commonly used term but generally implies blockage within vaginal vault. |
| Non-Medicated IUD | Physically prevents sperm from fertilizing the egg; example: Lippes loop. |
| Copper Releasing IUD | Releases copper ions which are toxic to sperm. |
A sphere of radius R is cut from a larger solid sphere of radius 2R as shown in the figure. The ratio of the moment of inertia of the smaller sphere to that of the rest part of the sphere about the Y-axis is : 
AB is a part of an electrical circuit (see figure). The potential difference \(V_A - V_B\), at the instant when current \(i = 2\) A and is increasing at a rate of 1 amp/second is:
The female reproductive system provides various functions. The ovaries produce the egg cells known as the ova or oocytes. The oocytes are then taken to the fallopian tube where fertilization by a sperm may occur. The fertilized egg is then transferred to the uterus, where the uterine lining has thickened in regard to the normal hormones of the reproductive cycle. Once in the uterus, the fertilized egg can implant into the thickened uterine lining and continues to develop. If implantation does not take place, the uterine lining is shed as menstrual flow. In addition, the female reproductive system produces female sex hormones that preserve the reproductive cycle.
During menopause, the female reproductive system slowly stops making the female hormones that are required for the reproductive cycle work. At this stage, menstrual cycles can become irregular and finally stops. One year after menstrual cycles pause, the woman is deemed to be menopausal.