Question

Kretschmer divided personality into

• A. Three types
• B. Four types
• C. Five types
• D. Two types

Hint:

Don't confuse Kretschmer's four types with Sheldon's three somatotypes (Endomorph, Mesomorph, Ectomorph). Remember that Kretschmer included a fourth, "Dysplastic" category for mixed types.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question is about the personality classification system developed by Ernst Kretschmer, a German psychiatrist. His theory, known as a constitutional theory, linked an individual's physical body type (physique) to their personality temperament and predisposition to certain mental disorders.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Kretschmer proposed four main types based on body build:
1. Pyknic: Characterized by a short, stout physique. Temperamentally, they were seen as sociable and cheerful (cyclothymic), with a predisposition to manic-depressive illness.
2. Asthenic (or Leptosomic): Characterized by a tall, thin build. Temperamentally, they were seen as reserved and shy (schizothymic), with a predisposition to schizophrenia.
3. Athletic: Characterized by a muscular, well-proportioned body. They were considered energetic and aggressive.
4. Dysplastic: A mixed category for individuals whose body types were disproportionate or did not fit into the other three clear-cut categories.
Therefore, Kretschmer's classification system consists of four types.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Ernst Kretschmer divided personality into four types.