Question

Kozeny-Carman equation is related to

• A. Pressure drop in turbulent flow
• B. Sedimentation velocity
• C. Heat transfer
• D. Permeability to particle size \& bed porosity

Hint:

The Kozeny-Carman equation helps in designing filtration systems, predicting flow rates, and understanding the impact of particle size and porosity in pharmaceutical formulations.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

The Kozeny-Carman equation is a mathematical expression used to describe the flow of fluids through porous media, particularly in packed beds. It relates the permeability (k) of a porous material to its particle size, porosity, and specific surface area. The general form of the Kozeny-Carman equation is: \[ k = \frac{\varepsilon^3}{S^2 (1 - \varepsilon)^2} \cdot \frac{1}{K} \] Where: - \( k \) = permeability of the bed - \( \varepsilon \) = porosity of the bed - \( S \) = specific surface area of particles - \( K \) = Kozeny constant (typically ~5) This equation is crucial in pharmaceutical processes like filtration, tablet compaction, and granulation, where understanding the flow of fluids through a bed of particles is necessary. - Option (a) relates to fluid mechanics but applies to turbulent systems, not porous beds.
- Option (b) refers to Stokes’ law.
- Option (c) is unrelated to porous media.
- Option (d) correctly identifies the application of the Kozeny-Carman equation.