Question

In spite of interspecific competition in nature, which mechanism the competing species might have evolved for their survival?

• A. Predation
• B. Resource partitioning
• C. Competitive release
• D. Mutualism

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

In nature, competing species have evolved various mechanisms that allow them to coexist despite the presence of interspecific competition. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial in the study of ecology and species interactions.

Let's examine the options provided:

1. Predation: This is a biological interaction where one organism (the predator) kills and eats another organism (the prey). While predation affects species interactions, it is not directly a mechanism for competing species to survive together.
2. Resource Partitioning: This is a strategy that allows competing species to coexist by utilizing different resources or the same resources in different ways or at different times. For instance, two different species of birds might feed on insects from different parts of a tree. By reducing direct competition through specialization, resource partitioning enhances survival.
3. Competitive Release: This occurs when a species expands its ecological niche in the absence of competition. This isn't a mechanism by which species actively evolve to coexist; rather, it occurs when competition is reduced or absent.
4. Mutualism: This is a type of symbiotic relationship where both species benefit. While mutualism can influence species interactions, it isn't specifically a mechanism evolved to manage competition for the same resources.

After analyzing the options, resource partitioning emerges as the correct answer. The concept of resource partitioning helps to reduce direct competition and allows species to coexist by sharing different niches within the same environment.

In summary, many species coexist through resource partitioning, which allows them to minimize competition for resources by adapting to use different portions or characteristics of the habitat or resource base. This adaptation is crucial in maintaining biodiversity.