In the case of Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017), the Supreme Court declared the practice of talaq-e-biddat (instant triple talaq) unconstitutional. The court held that this practice violated the fundamental rights of Muslim women under the Constitution. This landmark judgment upheld the right to equality and protection from arbitrary practices.
Thus, the correct answer is b) Shayara Bano v. Union of India.
(A) Conditions for a Hindu Marriage | (i) Section 13 |
(B) Registration of Hindu Marriage | (ii) Section 10 |
(C) Judicial Separation | (iii) Section 5 |
(D) Divorce | (iv) Section 8 |
I. Arbitration of excepted matters | 1. A. Ayyasamy v. A. Paramasivam, (2016) 10 SCC 386 |
II. Conditional Arbitration Clauses | 2. In re - Interplay between Arb Agreements and Stamp Act 2023 INSC 1066 |
III. Separability of Arbitration Agreement - Kompetenz Kompetenz | 3. Vulcan Insurance Co Ltd v. Maharaj Singh and Anr (1976) 1 SCC 943 |
IV. Arbitrability of fraud | 4. Mitra Guha Builders (India) Co v. ONGC (2020) 3 SCC 222 |
I. Uti Possidetis | 1. Principle in customary international law providing that where there has been a fundamental change of circumstances since an agreement was concluded, a party to that agreement may withdraw from or terminate it. |
II. Pacta Sunt Servanda | 2. Two or more states equally exercise sovereignty with respect to a territory and its inhabitants. |
III. Condominium | 3. Doctrine that territory remains with the possessor state at the end of war or occupation unless otherwise determined by a treaty or an agreement. |
IV. Rebus Sic Stantibus | 4. Proposition that treaties are binding upon the parties to them and must be performed in good faith. |