Question

In which landmark case did the Supreme Court of India recognize the principle of Absolute Liability in environmental law, stating that enterprises engaged in inherently dangerous activities are strictly liable for any harm caused to the environment?

• A. M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Oleum Gas Leak case)
• B. Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan
• C. State of Himachal Pradesh v. Ganesh Wood Products
• D. Charan Lal Sahu v. Union of India

Hint:

The M.C. Mehta v. Union of India case is a key case in environmental law, as it introduced the concept of Absolute Liability for hazardous industries, which was later extended to various sectors.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

In the M.C. Mehta v. Union of India case, commonly known as the Oleum Gas Leak case, the Supreme Court of India established the principle of Absolute Liability. The Court held that industries engaged in inherently dangerous activities, such as the production of Oleum gas, are strictly liable for any damage caused to the environment, regardless of whether or not they were negligent. This landmark ruling laid the foundation for environmental protection in India.