Step 1: Understanding PIL.
Prisoners' rights PILs began when letters highlighting torture were treated as writ petitions.
Step 2: Case law.
Hussainara Khatoon vs. Bihar case marked judicial recognition of letters as PIL.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Thus, option (4) is correct.
Read the given statements and choose the correct option.
1. In PIL cases, the Court plays a passive role like in traditional cases.
2. PIL is mainly for individual disputes.
Read the given statements and choose the correct option.
Statement 1: In PIL cases, the Court plays a passive role similar to traditional cases.
Statement 2: PIL is primarily focused on individual disputes.
According to the Land Acquisition Act, 2013, governments can acquire land for:
(i) Strategic purpose.
(ii) Projects for Families Affected by Projects.
(iii) For public-private partnership projects, where government ownership of land will remain with the government.
Which of the following legislations has been included under the Social Security Code, 2020?
(1) The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961
(2) The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972
(3) The Payment of Bonus Act, 1965
(4) The Employment Exchanges (Compulsory Notification of Vacancies) Act, 1959
Which of the following is/are not procedural safeguards against bias?
1. Acting in fraudulent manner
2. Peer-review of valuation if needed
3. Disclosure of prior association with client
4. Disclosure of conflict of interest source
Which of the following is/are not grounds for judicial review of administrative action?
1. Illegality
2. Irrationality
3. Proportionality
4. Public opinion
Match the following:
a. Spoken words — i. Sunna-ul-Qaul
b. Deepika vs. CAT — ii. Customary Law
c. Silence — iii. Sunna-ul-Taqrir
d. Ass Kaur vs. Kartar Singh — iv. Atypical Relationships
e. Shayara Bano vs. UOI — v. Triple Talaq
vi. Maintenance